Matters needing attention in thinning Transformation of densely planted Apple Orchard

Excessive planting density, deterioration of light in the garden, outward movement of fruit parts, decline of fruit quality and decline of production efficiency are common problems in apple production in China. In the thinning transformation of the old orchard, the following matters should be paid attention to.

First, the fruiting ability of different individuals is different in the orchard. There are not only differences among varieties, but also differences among plants. Some plants are damaged by diseases and insect pests, especially the rot disease, which hinders the material transport in the plants and reduces the fruiting ability. During thinning and transformation, attention should be paid to keeping trees.

2. Thorough removal of thinning objects for the determined thinning objects, all branches, trunks and roots above ground and underground should be thoroughly removed, and the branches on the tree can be sawed off first, and then the trunk can be dug out to prevent the spread of root rot and protect the healthy growth of the roots of the remaining plants.

Third, the backfilling of the tree hole because the nutrients in the tree hole are consumed and toxic substances are accumulated in a large amount in the long-term growth process, which is very disadvantageous to the growth of fruit trees, so we can make use of the opportunity of backfilling to apply a large amount of organic fertilizer or buried weeds in the hole to supplement the soil nutrition; fill the hole with inter-row mature soil to optimize the soil structure in the hole.

Fourth, to strengthen the management of the remaining plants, the yield in the garden decreased slightly in the first 1 ~ 2 years after thinning, and promoting the recovery of yield was the top priority of thinning management. In production, we should focus on the following work:

1. Strengthen tree management. The tree management of apple orchard after thinning should highlight the following contents:

(1) dilute the tree concept and transform the regulation and control target. Thinning and transformation of apple orchards should aim at improving yield, quality and efficiency, and should not be bound by traditional ideas, but should be based on the purpose of "tangible immortality, invisibility and chaos". As long as the branches of the remaining plants are opened at the angle of the branches, the branches are plump and the skeleton is solid, and the drooping branches are high-yielding trees.

(2) make full use of the branches of the remaining plants to increase the number of branches in the garden. In the regulation and control of trees in thinning apple orchards, the branches should mainly grow and release, with little or no branches as far as possible. Because after thinning in the apple orchard, enough space has been vacated, the overall light has been optimized, and the remaining branches can basically be bathed in light. The long branches should be transformed into fruiting branches as far as possible, and the number of branches per mu will be restored to 70,000 ~ 80,000 within 1-2 years after thinning, so as to form a new fruiting population.

(3) strengthen the culture of drooping branches. The drooping branch fruit accords with the growth characteristics of apple and is beneficial to the accumulation of photosynthates. due to the action of the earth's gravity, the fruit shape is correct and the quality is good. At the same time, the light conditions in the garden can be improved after sagging branches, so after thinning transformation, we should cultivate as many drooping branches as possible. For the branches on the axis, the management measures of long-growing, long-spreading and re-growing are carried out and cultivated into a robust branch group, and then transformed into drooping fruit-bearing branches by pulling branches, which is the core measure to improve yield and quality. great attention should be paid to it in production.

two。 Fertilize the soil. The condition of soil fertility directly determines the production benefit of apple. After thinning, the apple orchard should take the cultivation of soil as one of the breakthroughs to improve the production efficiency. The following measures should be taken:

(1) where there is farm manure, sufficient farm manure should be applied. After thinning, the application rate of apple orchard should be about 5000 kg per mu, or 50 kg of biogas residue should be applied to the plant. Where farm fertilizer is insufficient, commercial organic fertilizer should be applied to ensure that the amount of fertilizer applied per mu is about 500 kg, so as to lay a good foundation for efficient production.

(2) popularize the straw mulching method in the areas where crop straw is rich. This is an effective measure to improve soil organic matter. Covered with crop straw on the tree plate, tree row or the whole garden, after 2 ~ 3 years of decay, the soil organic matter content can be greatly increased, which is very beneficial to apple production.

(3) Grass cultivation should be carried out in places with watering conditions. The content of soil organic matter can be increased by planting shallow root grasses such as clover and ryegrass between rows, cutting in the growing season, covering the tree plate or turning directly.

3. Strengthen the conservation of soil moisture to prevent the weakening of trees. In the north of China, little precipitation, drought and lack of soil moisture are one of the main factors leading to the weakening of tree potential and affecting the yield and quality. the measures of preserving soil moisture should be strengthened in the apple orchard after thinning, and the soil water use efficiency should be improved through the implementation of grass mulching and plastic film mulching in the orchard to ensure the healthy growth of the tree.

4. Protect leaves and increase photosynthate accumulation. Strengthen the prevention and control of leaf diseases and insect pests, ensure the integrity of leaves, and improve the ability to produce photosynthates. Foliar fertilization was carried out in autumn to prolong the functional leaf growth for a long time, increase the accumulation of photosynthate and increase the nutrition of the tree.

Wang Tianli, Forestry Bureau of Jingning County, Gansu Province