Misunderstandings of fertilization in Grape planting

In recent years, with the gradual rise in grape prices and the steady growth of grape planting benefits, farmers have increased their enthusiasm for investment in grape planting. A few days ago, Shaanxi fruit growers contacted to say that about 50 kg of chemical fertilizer should be applied to grapes per mu. Excessive investment brings random fertilization and excessive fertilization, resulting in frequent fertilizer damage and serious root burning. The following several common misunderstandings in fertilization are summarized as follows for the majority of growers' reference.

First, when newly planted grapevines are fertilized before the new roots grow, or the basic fertilizer is applied too shallowly, resulting in dead seedlings.

When newly planted vines are planted, new roots do not grow until tendrils grow. Applying too much fertilizer before the new root grows, on the one hand, it makes it difficult for the seedlings to absorb water, on the other hand, it makes it difficult for the new root to grow. In the hot weather, the aboveground part dries up and dies.

Note: it is not suitable to use high concentration of fertilizer when the new root is just growing.

Second, after germination, the leaves yellowing will be fertilized and watered in large quantities.

From sprouting to flowering, 65% of the nutrition of the grape comes from the storage of the previous year, when the tree shows yellowing, mainly due to the lack of nutrition accumulation of the previous year. The related factors are as follows: (1) high yield last year, late harvest and insufficient nutrition accumulation; (2) early leaf fall caused by downy mildew in the late last year; (3) too much nitrogen fertilizer in the late last year. (4) excessive soil water retting or excessive fertilizer application caused root death in late last year; (5) root system was damaged when base fertilizer was applied too late or ditched in spring. All these reasons are basically related to the lack and weakness of the root system. The temperature rises rapidly in early spring and the soil temperature rises slowly. If you choose a large amount of fertilization and watering, the soil temperature will be lower, the root absorption capacity will be worse, and the root system itself will be less and weak. the more watering, the longer the fertilization will occur. In this case, on the one hand, it is necessary to loosen the soil and increase the ground temperature, and at the same time, foliar nutrition should be replenished, which can be applied with reference to the foliar fertilization scheme above.

? Third, the yellowing of the treetops or the yellowing of the whole tree blindly replenish iron fertilizer.

In some orchards, the leaves on the tops of trees are yellowed, and even the leaves of the whole tree are yellow. the symptoms are very similar to iron deficiency, not necessarily due to soil iron deficiency, but mostly cold and wet soil, poor root respiration, weak absorptive capacity, and difficulty in absorbing iron and other elements, resulting in yellowing in the upper part of the tree. This phenomenon often occurs in orchards with greenhouse grapes or plastic film mulching and excessive soil moisture. At this time, fertilization or watering will lower the soil temperature and aggravate the symptoms of iron deficiency. Foliar iron and other elements can not replace the absorption of roots, but can only cure the symptoms rather than the root causes. The first thing to do is to loosen the soil and breathe, drain and dehumidify. Greenhouse grapes to loosen the soil, timely release, more air, can not only reduce the temperature in the greenhouse, reduce water consumption, but also reduce humidity; for the orchard covered with plastic film, it is necessary to uncover the plastic film and loosen the soil as soon as possible. At the same time, the leaf surface is supplemented with nutrition for the growth and development of grapes.

Fourth, if the vine grows slowly, it will be fertilized in large quantities.

Many grapevines do not grow, and it is difficult to grow new shoots, mainly due to excessive soil moisture or impermeable soil consolidation, difficulty in root breathing, low absorptive capacity or few and weak roots. At this time, fertilization leads to greater soil moisture and worse air permeability. When the amount of fertilizer is too large, it is easy to burn roots. The first thing to solve in this situation is the problem of soil permeability and root respiration activity. Loosening soil and dehumidification are effective measures. I very much agree with a teacher that "the root system is the engine".

? Fifth, the more fertilizer, the better, heavy fertilization light absorption.

Many grape growers take it for granted that the more fertilizer they apply, the better the grapes will grow and the higher the yield. According to the research of Liu ailing and Wang Shiping of Shanghai Jiaotong University, grapes with high concentration of fertilizer have lower yield and worse quality than those with medium and low concentration of fertilizer. As mentioned earlier, more than one mu of land can be loaded with five bags of fertilizer, and there is no root system to grow, let alone absorb it. Since it cannot be absorbed, why bother to apply fertilizer? Many fruit growers are very blind in fertilizing, keep up with each other, and apply more and more fertilizer. In a sense, more fertilization is not as good as finding ways to improve fertilizer utilization and increase absorption, or more fertilization is not as good as growing roots. To create a loose and breathable, non-dry and wet soil environment rich in organic matter will be conducive to root growth and absorption. When the soil environment is good, the root system will be good, and the healthy root system is the guarantee of the healthy growth of the aboveground part, and there will be healthy and good fruit.

Sixth, fertilization is too concentrated and too close to the tree trunk.

The distance that fertilizer can move in the soil is limited, that is to say, when fertilization is more concentrated, only part of the roots are absorbing nutrients. Concentrated fertilization is easy to cause excessive local concentration of fertilizer, resulting in root burning. The root system mainly absorbs nutrients by the capillary root, but where it is too close to the trunk, the capillary root distributes very little, mostly the thicker root system, which mainly transports the nutrition and water absorbed from the capillary root and has no absorption function. When fertilizing too close to the trunk, not only the absorption and utilization rate is low, but also the thicker root system is easy to burn out, which has a great impact on the growth of the tree. If a large number of thick roots died last year, the bacteria spread along the dead roots, resulting in the sudden death of branches growing next year.

Seventh, drip irrigation only fertilizer, not water.

When drip irrigation in individual orchards, fertilizer is added every time, and water is stopped immediately after dripping fertilizer. Due to the limited amount of water in each drop, the evaporation of water from the surface causes the concentration of fertilizer in the soil to become higher and higher, and finally burns out the roots. The integration of water and fertilizer should be dripping water for 15 minutes before dropping fertilizer, and then dripping water for 30 minutes after dripping fertilizer.

Organic fertilizer is equal to organic matter.

Organic fertilizer and organic matter are two different concepts, and many people equate them. Organic fertilizer is a kind of carbon-containing material which mainly comes from plants and / or animals and is applied to the soil to provide plant nutrition. Organic matter refers to the organic matter containing the function of life. Soil organic matter (humus) generally refers to the matter derived from life in the soil. Including: soil microorganisms and soil animals and their secretions, as well as plant residues and plant secretions in the soil. Soil organic matter plays an important role in regulating soil permeability, buffering performance, increasing beneficial microorganisms and improving the utilization rate of fertilizer. The purpose of applying organic fertilizer is to increase soil organic matter. On the other hand, many fruit growers pay more attention to the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrients contained in organic fertilizer, while neglecting the most useful organic matter. The organic material in organic fertilizer needs to be biotransformed before it can become humus, so there is a problem of humization coefficient. There are many organic fertilizers, marked with a high content of organic matter, but very little humus can be converted, so the selection of organic fertilizer should consider not only the content of organic matter, but also the humization coefficient.