Pollution-free and high-yield cultivation techniques of vegetable soybean

? I. selection of land to rectify the bed

Choose sandy loam soil with convenient drainage and irrigation conditions, deep soil layer, good permeability, high content of organic matter and pH 6.5. When finishing the border, the ploughing and tanning is carried out first, and then the fine arrangement is carried out. The furrow is 80-85 cm wide and the border is 25-30 cm high. Rotation of paddy and upland fields is appropriate, and continuous cropping of legumes is avoided.

? Second, timely sowing and reasonable close planting

Spring: sowing when the temperature is stable at 1 ℃, and from late March to mid-April in western Fujian.

Autumn: mid-late July is more suitable. Select seeds, select seeds propagated in the autumn of the previous year with full seeds, no split skin and no disease spots, sun-sow them for 1-2 days before sowing, and cover them with soil fertilizer or sandy soil in time after sowing.

Reasonable close planting: use row spacing of 25-35 cm, plant spacing of 23-25 cm, about 15000 plants per mu, seed amount of about 5kg per mu, and sow 2 seeds per hole.

III. Scientific fertilization

Combined with the whole plot, 67kg farm manure plus 15kg calcium, magnesium and phosphorus was used as base fertilizer per mu. For the first time after seedling emergence, 15kg compound fertilizer or 15kg ammonium bicarbonate and 15kg superphosphate were mixed evenly per mu, and 750kg was applied in the middle of the border with water. At the branching stage, the second topdressing was applied with 20kg ternary compound fertilizer or 20kg ammonium bicarbonate and 15kg superphosphate per mu and mixed with water and 800kg in the middle of the border. Generally do not topdressing after flowering, if the seedlings can not be closed, light topdressing 4.5kg urea per mu.

? IV. Water management

Vegetable soybeans are sensitive to water demand and avoid waterlogging. Generally, it is appropriate to maintain low soil moisture in seedling stage. From germination and differentiation stage to flowering and podding stage, vegetable soybeans should be irrigated frequently in shallow water to keep the soil wet but not dry. After entering the grain filling stage, dry and wet alternately should be used to prevent premature senescence.

? Fifth, timely harvest

Generally speaking, when the pod bulging seed reaches more than 80% and the appearance of the pod shell is emerald green, it is the best time to harvest fresh pods, when the beans are fresh and tender, the flavor is good, and the appearance quality is good. The remaining seeds for autumn sowing should be harvested immediately when 80% of the pods in the field turn brown and spread out after harvest to promote post-ripening so as to increase the percentage of complete grains.