What should be paid attention to in the use of antibiotics

At present, for the treatment of bacterial diseases, the use of antibiotics is still the main treatment. If the use is unreasonable, it will lead to poor therapeutic effect and drug resistance. Therefore, attention should be paid to the following points in the use of antibiotics:

1. Choose the type of medicine according to the original disease. Do not use drugs blindly according to your own experience, and it is best to carry out drug sensitivity test in large-scale pig farms before choosing drugs.

two。 The dosage should be reasonable. In a certain dose range, the higher the dose, the more obvious the curative effect, but the dose should not be increased blindly. For the treatment of acute infectious diseases, severe infections and infections in parts where antibiotics are not easily accessible, the dosage of antibiotics should be larger, the first use should be doubled, and then the dosage should be reduced according to the disease or the routine treatment dose. In the combined use of antimicrobials, with the help of the synergistic effect of antimicrobials, the dose of each variety can be reduced appropriately.

3. The dose must be accurate. The dosage of the drug is different from the legal dose and the clinical experience dose. Drugs with toxic side effects, small safety range and strict dose requirements, such as dysentery, quinolinol, colistin, streptomycin, doxycycline and sulfonamides, should be used strictly according to the legal dosage, and should not be increased at will. At the same time, the dosage should be calculated strictly according to body weight.

4. The times of administration were selected according to different drugs. Penicillins, cephalosporins, macrolides and lincomycin are time-dependent drugs, and the time when the drug concentration exceeds the minimum inhibitory concentration is the most important factor to maintain the efficacy. When the concentration reaches a higher level, increasing the concentration can not increase its germicidal effect, but should be improved by increasing the times of administration. Aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones have concentration-dependent characteristics. Under the condition that the daily dose is constant, a higher blood concentration can be obtained by a single dose, which can significantly improve the antibacterial activity and clinical effect, and reduce toxic side effects and injection stress, so we can take the method of injection once a day, but the dose should be calculated according to the daily dose.

5. The medicine should be given according to the course of treatment. The course of treatment of the disease varies from infection to infection. In general, antibiotics should be used continuously until the body temperature is normal. 48-72 hours after the symptoms disappear, the pathogen should be thoroughly killed in order to ensure a stable curative effect. Never give the medicine 2 or 3 times. Once the body temperature drops and the symptoms are mild, the drug will be stopped prematurely, or the dressing will be changed immediately without any effect, which can easily lead to disease recurrence or induce bacteria to produce drug resistance.

6. Master the principle of dressing change. As there is a certain process in the treatment response to anti-infection, it is generally not suitable to change dressing in the first 72 hours, unless the condition worsens obviously or needs to be changed according to the result of pathogen diagnosis; if the curative effect is still not obvious after 72 hours, the dressing should be changed in time and the medication should be adjusted according to the results of drug sensitivity test. In addition, it should be noted that when changing dressing, it is not appropriate to replace the same type of drugs, and different types of drugs should be selected as far as possible.

7. Choose the most suitable route of drug administration. Intravenous injection can be effective almost immediately, followed by intramuscular injection, subcutaneous injection and oral administration. For critical cases, intravenous injection or intravenous drip should be given; oral administration should be taken for the treatment of intestinal infection; when severe gastrointestinal infection complicated with septicemia and bacteremia should be taken orally and given with injection. It should be pointed out that the internal administration of penicillin G is ineffective and must be injected; aminoglycosides are difficult to absorb and must be injected for systemic treatment, and oral administration can be given if intestinal infection is treated.

8. Follow the principle of combined application of antibiotics. Treatment can be achieved with an antimicrobial agent and should not be easily used in combination. However, in critical cases with serious mixed infection or unknown pathogens and dangerous conditions, appropriate combination of drugs can be used, but generally the combination of the two drugs can be used.

LV Huixu