Planting techniques of muskmelon

Cantaloupe cultivation in the humid areas of southern China, to select suitable varieties, facilities cultivation and supporting techniques to succeed, the following is to learn La Xiaobian for you to organize the cultivation techniques of cantaloupe, I hope useful to you.

Cultivation techniques of cantaloupes

I. Biological characteristics

Cantaloupe likes hot, dry and sunny weather. The breeding period is 28~30 degrees Celsius in the daytime, 16~20 degrees Celsius at night, the ground temperature is 20~25 degrees Celsius, and the lowest limit is above 18 degrees Celsius at 15 cm underground. If the growth period is insufficient sunshine and high temperature, the stem tendrils are easy to grow, the female flowers are not easy to differentiate, and it is not easy to set fruit or bear bad results. If the night temperature is too high and the temperature difference between day and night is small, the fruit is large, but the fruit surface is not perfect, the sugar content is reduced, and the quality is slightly poor. When the night temperature is too low, fruit expansion is hindered and fruit bearing rate is affected. Therefore, suitable varieties are selected according to different cultivation periods.

Melon is a shallow root crop, and good aeration of good soil, if the tillage soil is too shallow, the root extension is poor, affecting the fruit rate. Therefore should choose all around the environment ventilates well, retains the water to be strong and ventilates the good soil to be most ideal. Acid neutral is better, and rice, corn and other rotation cultivation is appropriate.

II. Cultivation and management

(i) Cultivation methods:

1, open field ridge surface covered with silver black plastic film cloth cultivation: this method can reduce the occurrence of virus disease, maintain good soil physical properties, reduce the loss of water and nutrients, promote root group development and many other advantages, so that muskmelon cultivation is more stable.

2. Tunnel shed cultivation: It has the functions of cold prevention, heat preservation, rain prevention, disease reduction and adjustment of production period. The temperature and humidity in the ridge surface and shed should be adjusted well.

3, tunnel shed two cultivation: in order to save costs, reduce labor, shorten the cultivation time, the use of two cultivation methods. Use the original cultivation bed, the original facilities and equipment, only change the planting position, and then plant a foreign muskmelon. Should choose good drainage, keep fertility strong, rotation planting years longer is appropriate, unsuitable soil to avoid continuous planting. It was better for continuous planting varieties to have strong disease tolerance or early growth stability.

4, simple plastic film cloth room cultivation: this cultivation method has a long history, but because of the slightly higher cost, the cultivation area has not been a few. Simple plastic film cloth room cultivation, there are two kinds of vertical and creeping cultivation. Vertical cultivation requires more labor and more sophisticated cultivation techniques. If there is no vertical cultivation experience, it often leads to unstable yield or failure. The laying cultivation is more extensive and stable, but the number of plants planted will be less. It should be considered carefully before cultivation.

(b) Fertilizers and Fertilizers:

Cantaloupe is a short-term crop, and quick-acting fertilizer is the best. The amount of fertilizer must be determined by considering the fertility of the soil, the nature of the soil, the cultivation period, the cultivation of different varieties, etc., the amount of fertilizer is also different, excessive application not only waste, but also affect the growth of plants and cause physiological obstacles, fertilizer shortage, plant weakness, low yield. Fertilization methods include deep ploughing, comprehensive fertilization and furrow fertilization. Deep soil layer, strong fertility, water injection frequency of the soil, the best deep ploughing and soil layer full amount of fertilizer as base fertilizer, topdressing is supplemented by liquid fertilizer foliar application. Cultivated soil shallow or keep fertility poor sandy land, nutrient easy loss, water demand is also large, fertilization method to 70% do basal fertilizer under the furrow, 30% do topdressing a small number of times, or install spray hose with nutrient solution fertilization is most suitable. The appropriate time for fertilization is divided into several periods. Cantaloupe also needs different fertilizer nutrients at different stages.

Planting density: planting row spacing is adjusted according to cultivation method, cultivation period, vine introduction method, soil properties and variety characteristics. In principle, the spacing between two plants is about 50 cm.

(3) Topping and pruning methods: In order to make the muskmelon bear fruit in the most ideal position and make the fruiting period consistent, topping and pruning are necessary means for cultivation. And the number of fruits retained was the key to stable quality. Whether the operation period is appropriate or not, the skill of its branches directly affects the yield and quality, and this work cannot be ignored in cultivation. Topping and pruning should be carried out in sunny days, and should be coordinated with spraying work. Spraying should be avoided during flowering, otherwise it should be applied in the evening.

(4) Fruit Branches: The improvement of unit area yield is everyone's common wish, but the number of fruits of a cantaloupe plant is too long, and its commodity value is greatly reduced. The so-called fruit has no good products. Quality and quantity can not have both, quality first, yield second as the principle, so it is more important to keep fruit work. 5~10 days after fruiting, when the young fruit is as big as egg, the fruit with longer and correct fruit shape is selected to keep fruit. By the way, the petals of the flower mark department will be removed to reduce the invasion of germs. The number of fruits retained depends on the characteristics of the variety and the growth of the plant.

Only good appearance, quality is stable. Therefore, the concept of cantaloupe fruit should be adopted elite doctrine, fruit number should be less than greedy. The fruiting period should not be too late, so as not to affect fertility. In early spring cultivation, the fruit left on the vine is scheduled to bear fruit. If the low temperature lasts, the fruit will expand poorly. When the plant grows stronger, it can bear fruit for the second time. If the number of fruits left for the first time is small, one fruit can be left for each vine, but early varieties are appropriate. The sugar content of late-growing seeds is slightly poor, and the fruit retention is not ideal. Autumn planting leaves single vine than double vine appropriate, because autumn fruit is large, the number of results is also less, each plant to 1 fruit for the principle. In order to reduce the occurrence of second fruit, the female flowers of non-fruiting vines are immediately removed when picking and pruning, so that they do not bear fruit again. In principle, the number of fruits left in autumn is less than that in spring.

(5) Water management: Cantaloupe is neither dry nor wet, and the amount of water injected should depend on the development stage of cantaloupe, soil properties, soil moisture and weather. From the initial stage of growth to flowering, it is advisable to keep proper soil moisture to make the plants grow strongly and slowly. When water content is excessive, the stems and leaves are exuberant, affecting flowering and bearing, and prone to diseases. Too dry will hinder birth and growth. During the flowering and fruiting period, water injection should be reduced to avoid excessive growth and affect the fruiting rate. 7~20 days after fruiting is the fastest period of fruit hypertrophy, urgent need of water, water injection should be more. In particular, soil with poor water retention should be fully flooded to promote fruit hypertrophy.

Fruit near maturity stage, control water, keep appropriate dry is the best, at this time if the soil moisture is excessive, the sugar content will be reduced, the maturity will be delayed, the fruit will easily cause cracking and disease, etc., the fruit surface of the non-reticulated varieties is easy to occur sparse reticulation, the white varieties are easy to cause green and white uneven skin color or fruit ring ** The first is to make sure that you have a good understanding of the relationship between the two countries. 4~20 days into the fruit hardening period, fruit surface began to form reticulate, such as reticulate formation of early water too much, easily occur coarse cracks, reticulate is not beautiful. Therefore, it is advisable to reduce water content about 7 days before the formation of reticulation. When the reticulation is gradually completed, gradually increase water content to promote fruit expansion and perfect reticulation. If the soil is too dry, the texture of the fruit surface is very fine and incomplete, and the appearance is not beautiful. When injecting water, the roots should be kept as dry as possible. When it rains, the accumulated water in the furrow should be drained as soon as possible. Do not accumulate water.

(6) Methods to promote results: When the weather is good, thoroughly conduct vine and pruning operations before the results, so that appropriate space is maintained between the vines, sufficient lighting, good ventilation, and the results of the vines are first picked, and excellent female flowers are selected to make them bear fruit. Under these conditions, most of the results are quite stable, such as bad weather or indoor cultivation, if there is no vector insects, artificial pollination should be carried out, hermaphroditic flower varieties on the day of flowering with a watercolor pen on its stigma to promote fruit. Spring cultivation often encountered cold flow, temperature drop, poor flowering, pollen vitality weak, low fruit rate, so the use of fruit promoters to improve fruit. Cantaloupes should attach importance to quality first conditions, natural fruit (insect vector or artificial pollination), is the most ideal way of fruit.