Peanut cultivation related skills

Peanut, formerly known as peanut, is a kind of nut with rich yield and extensive consumption in China, also known as "everlasting fruit", "muddy bean" and so on. it is a traditional oil crop in China, which together with soybean and rape constitute the three main sources of edible oil in our country.

Peanuts are mainly distributed in Shanxi, Liaoning, Shandong, Hebei, Henan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan and other regions. The suitable sowing time for spring and autumn double cropping peanut areas in South China is from February to mid-March, the suitable sowing time for spring and summer peanut intercropping areas in the Yangtze River Basin is from March to late April, and the suitable sowing time for large peanut areas and peanut producing areas in the north is from late April to early May.

According to different soil, climate and market conditions, we should choose special varieties with market advantages, such as high-yield and high-quality oil, food processing, export and so on.

For spring sowing peanuts in northern China, mid-late maturity and large fruit varieties with high yield potential and growth period of 130-140 days were selected; wheat interplanting peanuts with a growth period of 120-130 days were selected for mid-early maturity and large fruit type varieties; and summer direct seeding peanuts were selected with early-maturing medium-fruit or small fruit varieties with a growth period of 110-115 days. Mid-early and large fruit varieties with a growth period of 120-130 days were selected in Northeast China, in which early-maturing small fruit varieties with a growth period of less than 120 days were selected in areas with high latitude, short frost-free period and low accumulated temperature, and varieties with a growth period of about 120 days were selected for southern spring peanuts.

When peanuts are sown, the soil temperature 10 cm deep can be sown when the soil temperature is stable above 15 degrees for 5 days. Remember that do not sow when the temperature is below 11 degrees, so as to prevent the phenomenon of rotten seeds and dead seedlings. Even if peanuts can be unearthed, peanut seedlings are not strong enough to affect yield. Summer peanut planting areas can choose interplanting, sowing in advance to increase yield.

If you want to increase the yield of peanuts, you need to make good efforts in planting and cultivation.

Before sowing, the seeds need to be dried in shell before sowing, choose sunny morning, spread out about 10 cm, turn every 1-2 hours, and dry for 2-3 days. The best time for shelling is 10-15 days before sowing. After shelling, select seeds with large and neat kernel, full grain, good color, no mechanical damage to the first-and second-class large seeds, and eliminate the third-grade small seeds.

Because peanut is a crop that blossoms on the ground and bears fruit underground, the root system is well developed, which requires a deep soil layer, so it should be ploughed and ploughed properly before winter or early spring. For clayey soil, an appropriate amount of fine sand can be added to improve the permeability of the resulting soil layer. If the sand layer is too thick, the result is to turn it deeply and press the clay 10-15 cm thick under the plough bottom to create a soil layer that stores water and preserves fertilizer.

Of course, in the pod and full fruit stage, foliar spraying can be targeted to apply fertilizers such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate (the appropriate concentration is 0.3%) and plant growth regulators to promote grain formation.

When peanut leaves turn yellow and some stems and leaves wither, they can be harvested. After harvest, it is necessary to dry and rain to promote post-ripening and improve seed maturity. Peanuts should be harvested and dried before frost.