Complete version of watermelon planting technology

What are the key points of fertilization techniques for melons, how to fertilize watermelons is reasonable, which fertilization techniques for watermelons do you know, and fertilization for watermelons is very important for the growth of watermelons? then let's take a look at the fertilization techniques of watermelons carefully recommended by Xiaobian. I hope it can be helpful to you.

Full version of planting technology "inline=" 0 ">

Guidelines for fertilization of watermelons in greenhouse in winter

Winter greenhouse watermelon seedlings are usually raised in greenhouse around January 15-20. When watermelon seedlings grow to two leaves and one heart, they are grafted with gourds to improve plant disease resistance and low temperature tolerance. Grafting method is adopted. When the watermelon grows to 4 to 5 true leaves, low temperature training is carried out to prepare for planting.

Before planting, we should first apply sufficient base fertilizer, apply 2000 kg of rotten chicken manure per mu, and can be combined with 45% (15-15-15) Jiashi root dynamic compound fertilizer 80 kg, and then turn the soil deeply. When the watermelon grows to 5 to 6 true leaves, it should be planted in trenches according to the row spacing of 1.5 meters and the plant spacing of 0.7 meters, covered with plastic film and buckled in a small arch shed. When planting, the grafting interface must be left on the ground when sealing and filling, in case of adventitious roots.

After planting, it is mainly the comprehensive management of temperature, humidity and topdressing irrigation. In order to speed up and slow down the seedlings after planting, it is generally not ventilated and keeps high temperature, 28 ℃ ~ 32 ℃ in the daytime and more than 12 ℃ at night.

From slow seedling to flowering stage, the greenhouse temperature is not lower than 25 ℃, and the ground temperature is above 15 ℃, so as to increase the fruit setting rate. Stretch the vine and withdraw to the small arch shed for the first topdressing watering, but 45% (15-15-15) Kashi root power compound fertilizer 20kg.

The fruit growth is accelerated half a month after flowering, so the heat preservation work should be done well, and the melons within 8 nodes should be thinned in time, and the second or third melon with normal development should be selected. when the melon grows to about 15 cm in diameter, combined with watering, the second topdressing will be carried out. This time, 45% (15-15-15) of Gashley root power compound fertilizer can be applied this time.

The soil moisture in the greenhouse is high, and the stems and leaves are easy to grow, so attention should be paid to less watering in the early stage, rear watering of melons, and control of moisture after entering the ripening period, so as to facilitate fruit coloring, increase fruit sugar content and speed up fruit ripening.

Plant adjustment and artificial pollination watermelon have strong branching, so plant adjustment must be carried out in order to achieve high yield, including pruning, vine pressing, melon retention, melon turning and heart picking. The remaining melon generally chooses the second or third female flower on the mother vine to sit on the melon, and when the melon cannot be left on the main vine, the melon can be left on the side vine. After sitting for 20 days, the shape of the fruit is basically shaped, and the melon can be turned every 3-5 days in a sunny afternoon, so that the fruit is evenly exposed to light and the flesh is fully ripe.

Greenhouse cultivation of watermelon to carry out artificial pollination, usually at 10:00 in the morning, select large male flowers, reveal stamens, gently touch on the stigma of female flowers, so that pollen evenly fall on the stigma, in case of low temperature or bad weather, the previous afternoon picked male flowers, put into an airtight container, room temperature kept 25 ℃, pollination in the morning after pollination, pollination marked the date of flowering, in order to pick melons in time.

The growth and development of watermelon needs to absorb many kinds of nutrients. Among them, in addition to carbon, hydrogen, oxygen elements from the air and water intake, but also through other ways to absorb a variety of mineral elements. Among these elements, the most important are nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium.

Nitrogen is the main element that makes up protein. With proper supply of nitrogen fertilizer, watermelon stems and leaves grow sturdily and luxuriantly; if too much nitrogen fertilizer is used, it will make stems and leaves grow longer, tissue tender, flowering and maturity delayed, cold resistance and disease resistance weakened; when nitrogen fertilizer is insufficient, watermelon stems and leaves grow slowly, stems and leaves are weak, and the yield decreases.

Phosphorus is an indispensable element for the formation of nuclear protein, lecithin and so on. Adequate phosphorus nutrition can accelerate cell division, benefit the growth of roots and stems and leaves, promote flower bud differentiation, promote flowering and setting melon, mature early, improve melon quality and improve plant disease resistance.

Potassium can improve the photosynthetic intensity of watermelon, promote the formation and transport of starch and sugar in the plant, and enhance the cold tolerance, drought tolerance and disease resistance of the plant. Proper supply of potash fertilizer can also promote the absorption and utilization of nitrogen and phosphorus, and make the shape of watermelon neat, enrich the quality and increase the sugar content of watermelon.

Calcium has a certain effect on the metabolism of carbohydrates and nitrogenous substances in the plant, and can neutralize the excessive and harmful acids produced in the metabolic process of the plant, forming insoluble salts, so that they do not participate in physiological functions and reduce the occurrence of some physiological diseases. At the same time, it can promote the absorption of nitrate nitrogen.

Main physiological diseases of watermelon and their control

1. Stiff seedling (little old seedling)

Symptoms: the main manifestations are in the seedling stage and after planting, the growth is stagnant for a long time, the leaves spread slowly, and the leaves are gray-green. The roots are yellow, even brown, and there are few new roots. The recovery of rigid seedlings is very slow, and once it occurs, the yield will be greatly reduced.

Cause: first of all, the air temperature and ground temperature are on the low side. The second is clay weight, high water content, high humidity and less ventilation. Third, the seedling quality is poor and the seedling age is too long. The root system is damaged too much during planting, or the operation is rough during soil preparation and planting, and the root is overhead, which affects the hairy root. Fourth, the application of immature farm manure caused root burning, or excessive application of chemical fertilizer, resulting in excessive concentration of soil solution and root damage. Fifth, underground pests harm the roots. Sixth, the soil is dry.

The prevention and control methods are as follows: (1) improve the seedling environment and cultivate strong seedlings. (2) according to the weather forecast, the sunny days with cold tail and warm head are selected for planting. (3) strengthen drainage and increase the application of rotten farm manure to promote root growth. (4) strengthen soil management and pay attention to ploughing and loosening soil in the early stage. (5) to control ants and other pests.

two。 Crazy seedling

Symptoms: watermelon seedlings grow only, showing thin stems, long internodes, green leaves, thin leaves, poor disease resistance and stress resistance, low survival rate and slow seedling growth after planting. In the period of vine extension and flowering and fruiting, the stem is thick, the leaf is large, the leaf color is dark green, the tip of the tender stem (faucet) is high, and it is not easy to set fruit.

Etiology: (1) high temperature, high humidity and lack of light. (2) excessive nitrogen nutrition leads to the imbalance between vegetative growth and reproductive growth.

Prevention and control methods: (1) control the amount of inorganic fertilizer in base fertilizer and pay attention to the cooperation of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in the early stage. (2) timely ventilation, cooling, dehumidification and increasing light. (3) for plants that have formed crazy seedlings, proper pruning, topping, partial root cutting and other measures can be taken to control vegetative growth, and measures such as soaking melon embryo with Gualing can be used to promote fruit setting and transfer the growth center to the fruit quickly.

3. Leaf albino

Symptoms: watermelon seedling stage, cotyledons and young true leaf edge green, albino, resulting in temporary pause in seedling growth, serious real leaves dry, resulting in slow seedling stage long or even rigid seedlings, more serious cotyledons, true leaves, growth points are all frozen to death.

Etiology: it is mainly due to improper ventilation in the emergence stage of watermelon and a sharp drop in bed temperature.

Prevention and control methods: (1) keep the bed temperature above 20 ℃ during the day. No less than 15 ℃ at night. (2) in the morning of seedling stage, the ventilation should not be premature, and the ventilation rate should be increased gradually, so as not to cause the temperature of seedling bed to change suddenly and cause seedling injury.

4. Retting root

Symptoms: the root bark rotted after rust spots, the diseased seedlings were easily uprooted, the main roots and whisker roots became brown and rotten, and the upper leaf margin was scorched.

Control methods: (1) for low-temperature retting roots, seedlings should be raised in protected areas, and the temperature of seedling bed should be controlled at 22-28 ℃ in daytime and 13-18 ℃ at night, and the lowest is not less than 12 ℃. (2) for high-temperature retting roots, attention should be paid to reducing ground temperature and dispersing soil moisture. (3) do not apply fresh chicken manure or human dung and urine, it should be ripe and retted ahead of time.

5. Acute wilting

Symptoms: at the initial stage of the disease, the aboveground wilted at noon, recovered in the evening, and died 3-4 days later.

Etiology: (1) related to the types of rootstocks, calabash rootstocks occur more often, pumpkin rootstocks rarely occur. (2) the water absorption capacity of root system is poor. (3) excessive pruning inhibited root growth. (4) weak light.

Control methods: select suitable rootstocks and enhance the absorptive capacity of roots by strengthening management.