Cotton planting instructions (I)

Cotton, the seed fiber of cotton plants of Malvaceae, is one of the most important crops in the world. It has high yield and low production cost, which makes cotton products cheaper and can be made into fabrics of various specifications, from light and transparent Barry yarn to thick canvas and velveteen. It is suitable for making all kinds of clothes, furniture cloth and industrial cloth.

Cotton sales are very wide, so growing cotton is a good choice, let's learn cotton planting techniques together.

At the beginning, it is very important to select high-quality and high-yield varieties, excellent varieties can be selected according to local conditions, and excellent varieties promoted by local agrotechnical departments can be selected.

Because cotton is a temperature-loving and light-loving crop, cotton fields should choose flat land or sunny sloping land with deep soil layer and medium fertility. You should dry the seeds before sowing, choose a sunny day, spread the seeds on non-cement ground and dry them for 5 days, so as to promote seed ripening and improve the germination rate. After that, it is generally mastered that the ground temperature is stable at 5 cm and the seeds begin to sow at 16 ℃. The suitable sowing time of plastic film cotton is April 20-30, and that of open field cotton is after April 25.

The sowing rate should be determined according to the sowing method, seed quality, seedling density and soil climate. Too little is difficult to ensure the due number of plants and affect the yield. Too much waste of cotton seeds, and will cause cotton seedlings crowded, easy to form tall seedlings, increase inter-seedling labor, and so on. When the seed germination rate is low, the soil moisture is poor, the soil is sticky or saline-alkali, and the underground pests are serious, the sowing rate should be increased as appropriate.

Cotton has a long growth period and deep and wide root distribution, which requires not only rich mineral nutrients in the surface soil, but also high fertility in the deep plough layer and slow release of nutrients. Base fertilizer is ploughed and applied to the soil before cotton sowing, which can meet this requirement. The base fertilizer is mainly farm manure, which can be applied to the soil in autumn and winter combined with deep ploughing and deep ploughing, and can also be applied during soil preparation in spring.

At the same time, it should be noted that the physiological water requirements of cotton are different at different growth stages, and the soil water content of 20 cm from sowing to seedling emergence accounts for 70% of the field capacity. The water content of the soil layer of 0 cm in the seedling stage accounts for 60% of the field capacity, and 65% of the field capacity in the bud stage. After the full bud stage, the water content of the 0-80 cm soil layer accounts for 70-80% of the field capacity, and the soil relative water content is 55-70% in the boll-opening period. The growth and development of cotton needs water and nutrients, which are mainly obtained from the soil through the root system. Part of the required temperature and air is taken from the soil, and it needs the mechanical support of the soil to grow.