Five points for attention in Potato planting

Difficult seed can be used to promote germination of seed potato.

The seed potato came out of the cellar 15-20 days before sowing, placed at a temperature of 13-15 ℃ and laid with 2-3 layers in the dark. The seed potato was gradually exposed to scattered light and turned every 2-3 days to make the seed potato fully see the light and promote the purple bud. When the bud grows to about 0.5 cm, it can be cut into pieces and ready to sow. When sprouting, avoid direct sunlight, rain and frost, and eliminate diseases and rotten potatoes at the same time.

Cut the seed potato into pieces: disinfect the knife with 70% alcohol or 5% Lysol water, choose healthy seed potato and cut vertically. Make sure there are 1 to 2 strong bud eyes in each plant. For mechanical sowing, each piece weighs 40 to 50 grams. Artificial sowing, each piece weighs 35 to 40 grams is appropriate, in order to prevent the spread of the virus, advocate whole potato sowing.

Seed dressing, stuffing and seed coating: 100 kg seed potato is mixed with 0.1 kg chlorothalonil and 1 kg talc powder and trace elements (such as molybdenum, boron, copper, zinc, magnesium), put in a ventilated place for 1 to 2 days, and then sow seeds after wound healing. It is best to carry out seed potato coating treatment, which can effectively prevent seed rot after sowing, sterilize, reduce field incidence and increase seedling emergence rate.

Cultivation with large ridges

The standardized cultivation technique of potato with 80cm and 90cm large ridge is a new cultivation technique summed up according to the characteristics of potato growth and development by drawing lessons from foreign successful experience and combining with the actual production situation of our province. Focus on promoting the "90 cm large ridge cultivation mode" of 90 cm wide at the bottom of the ridge, 40 cm wide at the top of the ridge and 25 cm high. This model has the advantages of loose soil structure, strong fertilizer supply capacity, conducive to root development, increasing tuber setting rate, transparent and ventilated, preserving soil moisture, resisting drought and waterlogging, and reducing the occurrence of early and late blight. Effectively improve the per unit yield and quality of potato, the per unit yield can be increased by more than 50%, and the rate of large potato can be increased by more than 20%. It is a feasible high-yield cultivation technique model. Balanced fertilization to ensure yield

Potato is a crop that needs a large amount of fertilizer, and it is necessary to apply more fertilizer if the yield per mu is more than 3 tons. In order to give full play to fertilizer efficiency and improve fertilizer use efficiency, base fertilizer should be applied lightly and topdressing should be heavy. Implement stage-by-stage fertilization to prevent waste of fertilizer and improve fertilizer use efficiency. At the same time, the three major elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are reasonably matched and applied in proportion. The specific practices are as follows:

Increase the application of organic fertilizer: use more than 15 tons of mature high-quality organic fertilizer per hectare as base fertilizer, combined with land preparation.

Base fertilizer: on the basis of applying 1 cubic meter of organic fertilizer per mu, apply quick-acting fertilizer. The proportion of urea, diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate needed during the seedling growth period was 3.4. Urea, diamine phosphate and potassium sulfate were applied to 10 kg, 3 kg and 9 kg per mu respectively during sowing to ensure the growth and development of the seedling itself. Topdressing: the tuber-bearing period is the period when the potato needs the most fertilizer. Topdressing is needed at this time to meet the needs of tuber expansion and to prevent premature senescence of seedlings due to de-fertilization. The ratio of urea, diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate is 1.5, 1. 5 and 3.5, and the suitable period for topdressing is when the diameter of tuber expands to 2-3 cm, that is, the plant growth center has shifted from vegetative growth to reproductive growth. Before the arrival of the rainy season around June 20, mix the three fertilizers well before the arrival of the rainy season, apply them on both sides of the ridge, and cover the fertilizer in time after fertilization to prevent loss. The dosage of urea, diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate is 15 kg, 10 kg and 30 kg respectively. It can also be increased or decreased according to this proportion, and other fertilizers can also be applied, but the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium can not be changed.

Foliar topdressing: in the tuber formation stage and tuber expansion stage, urea 0.5%; potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3%, adding trace elements, combined with pesticide spraying, foliar topdressing for 3 times at intervals of 5 to 7 days.

Realize multi-layer tuber

Before emergence, raising the ground temperature has the effect of killing weeds. Carry out a deep ploughing and shallow cultivation of the soil at the top of the bud. After the seedlings come out, shovel once in time, and then plough (cultivate less soil) to increase the ground temperature, reduce water evaporation, shovel twice and three times in the growth stage, cultivate more soil, achieve narrow ridges and furrows, wide ridge tops, increase soil moisture and loosen soil, achieve multi-layer tubers, which is conducive to tuber expansion.

Strengthen disease prevention and control

Late blight: the main disease of potato, which began on June 20, was sprayed with a liquid of 25% Amisi up to 500,800 times. Krou and Ruidui 1.5kg / ha were sprayed 3000 times with water, once every 7 to 10 days, for 5 times in a row. Virus disease: potato virus disease mainly includes common mosaic disease, yellow spot mosaic disease, curl disease, purple top and wrinkled mosaic and so on. The prevention and control of potato virus disease is mainly based on prevention, such as selecting qualified virus-free seed potatoes and disease-resistant varieties, improving cultivation measures, cutting off the source of infection, chemical control of aphids and so on. Chemical control can be used antiviral No. 1 or 2% fungus ketoke 300 times liquid spray, both have a certain control effect.

Ring rot: selection of disease-resistant varieties and establishment of disease-free fields, cutting knife disinfection and chemical soaking seeds. When cutting and sowing, the cutter was disinfected with 5ppm with potassium permanganate concentration. Before sowing, seed potatoes were treated with 75% dimethicone wettable powder, 0.28kg of seed potato powder per 100kg, seeds were mixed with appropriate amount of dry soil, and diseased plants were pulled out at seedling stage.