High-yield planting techniques of Zizyphus jujuba

Green jujube is an excellent tropical and subtropical rare fruit, the fruit is nutritious, crisp, sweet and delicious, containing a lot of vitamin C, calcium, phosphorus, vitamin B, carotene and so on. It is said that "solar eclipse three dates, immortality". Because of its beautiful fruit shape and the flavor of apple, pear and jujube, it also enjoys the reputation of "tropical little apple". Let's take a look at the high-yield planting techniques of green jujube.

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Growth characteristics of Ziziphus jujuba

Green jujube shows the habit of continuous growth throughout the year, as long as the temperature is suitable, the terminal bud will grow forward, and then sprout lateral branches. Every 3 nodes of the branch, the rib-like alternate branching technique is also a subordinate branch every 3 nodes, and finally forms a trunk at the branch level. The primary branch (main branch), secondary branch, third-fourth branch (main fruiting branch) can grow to 2 meters, average 16 secondary branches, secondary branches can be 12 meters long, and the average axis produces 8 tertiary branches: the length of the third branch is 60 cm. It can grow multiple fourth-order branches.

Fruit characteristics of Ziziphus jujuba

Green jujube flower bud differentiation in the current season (year), rapid differentiation, large number of flowers, flowers and fruits on the same branch, flowers bloom during the day, bloom at the beginning of 6 ~ 8 am, bloom from 8 to 11:00, and rarely open after 12:00: they are pollinated by insect-pollinated flowers, flies, bees and other insects. It can blossom in 70 days in the first year, and can blossom and bear fruit many times a year. It takes about 120 days from flowering to fruit ripening, and blossoms continuously with the main length of the shoot from April to December, but the fruit setting ability of flowers in different periods is different. From April to June, the fruit setting rate of flowers without fruit setting from July to August is low, and the fruit setting rate of flowers from September to October is high, and the fruit ripens a lot in January to February. From a tree point of view, the main result is that the tertiary extension accounts for 90% of the total fruit, the secondary branch accounts for 9.5%, and the primary branch (main branch) accounts for only 0.5%.

Planting conditions of green jujube

The main results are as follows: 1. Soil: green jujube is not strict on soil, but it is more suitable for soil with micro-alkali (PH value 7.5) to acid PH value above 6.0.It requires sandy loam soil, and it is convenient for drainage and irrigation in deep soil layer.

2. Temperature, green jujube is a positive plant and needs plenty of sunlight. The average annual temperature in the planting area is more than 18 ℃ (Yuanjiang 23.8 ℃), and the extreme minimum temperature is not less than 0 ℃. During the fruit expansion period, the temperature difference between day and night is large, which contributes to sugar accumulation and is suitable for planting below 1200 meters above sea level.

3. Moisture: green jujube has developed root system and strong drought resistance, and can grow normally in areas with annual rainfall of 500 mm and relative humidity greater than 50%. Florescence requires a higher humidity, relative humidity at 85% is conducive to pollination, fertilized fruit ripening period requires less rain and more sunny weather, otherwise it is easy to cause a large number of flowers and rotten fruit.

Planting preparation of green jujube

1. Digging ponds for fertilization: tree ponds are required to be 1 meter long and 1 meter wide, 0.5 meters deep, 4 × 7 meters to dig a pond, one plant per pond, and 33 trees per mu. After the pond is dug, 30 kilograms of mature farm manure and 0.5 kilograms of calcium magnesium superphosphate or calcium magnesium superphosphate fertilizer will be applied to each pond. Fertilizer should be applied in 2-3 layers, and each layer of fertilizer should be backfilled with a layer of soil. When returning to the soil, all the soil dug out above should be returned to the hole and piled into a mound with a height of 20 centimeters and a diameter of 1 meter.

2. Variety selection: green jujube must be planted with excellent varieties, which have four conditions: large fruit, fine crisp meat, high sweetness, no astringency and slightly sour taste. The peel is smooth and bright, yellowish green, good taste, no skin after eating. The seeds are small and the meat is thick, and the soluble solids are high. Strong resistance, especially resistance to diseases and insect pests. Moreover, Ziziphus jujuba is a cross-pollinated plant, so it must be equipped with pollination varieties. Any two varieties can be pollinated with each other, which is generally 6-8-1.

3. Planting period: green jujube can be planted in spring, summer and autumn except winter. It can be planted in March-May in spring, June-July in summer, September-October in autumn, and planting in March-April is more suitable for the same year.

Planting method of green jujube

1. In the bag, put the seedling into the planting hole, gently cut off the packing bag with a sharp knife, do not loosen the interphase mud mass as much as possible, and then hold the seedling with one hand, so that the neck of the seedling root is basically flush with the surface of the tree plate, and with the other hand, the root neck is basically flush with the surface of the tree plate, and the other is layered and compacted with fine soil from the outside to the root.

2. Bare root: dig the planting hole according to the length of the main and lateral root, and let the main root and lateral root stretch naturally. First, the main root is fixed with crushed soil, and then the lateral root is buried one by one according to the layer. finally, the fine soil is filled into the gap between the main root and the lateral root, so that the fine soil can fully contact the root system.

3. Planting: layered compression should be gradually compacted from the outward trunk in real time, and it is most avoid compacting beside the main root at the beginning, or stepping too hard with your feet, causing the rhizosphere to be airtight. When filling to the root neck, pour enough fixed root water, and then fill the broken soil to 2-3 cm above the root neck, repair the dish shape with a diameter of about 1 meter, and then cover the tree plate with dry (rice) grass to moisturize, cool, prevent topsoil hardening and inhibit the growth of weeds.

4. Truncation: before or after planting, the green jujube is truncated at a height of 30cm to 40cm as the trunk. The bagged seedlings generally need to remove the leaves of the bare root seedlings, while the bare root seedlings cut off all the leaves and leave only the petiole, and the fruit can be covered with a plastic film on the stem to reduce water evaporation.

5. Management: green jujube should be watered every 2-3 days if it does not rain until the new leaves germinate and turn green. Do not rush to apply fertilizer from planting to the first shoot extraction, especially do not apply high concentration of chemical fertilizer and dung water. When the first new shoot turns green and mature and begins to extract the second new stall, apply 0.5% compound fertilizer and water 33.5 liters away from the trunk 20 cm, or apply 20 grams of compound fertilizer 20 grams every 10 days from 20 cm to 30 cm from the trunk after rain for a total of 2 times.

New planting and fertilization of green jujube

1. Base fertilizer, after the pond is dug, 30 kilograms of rotten farm manure and 1 kilogram of phosphate fertilizer shall be applied.

2. Topdressing: 15 / 20% clear urine water is usually used for topdressing farm manure (about 25 kg per bucket plus 3.5 / 5 kg of 2 tablespoons of human and animal urine).

3. Chemical fertilizer: urea or compound fertilizer 25g / plant can be applied each time, water can be drenched (concentration 0.4-0.5%), and ditches can be spread evenly in the dripping line of the tree plate (if ditches are not needed after rain).

Fertilization of green jujube trees for many years

1. Application of basic fertilizer: after 2-3 months of retraction and pruning, each plant opened a ring ditch at the crown dripping line and deeply applied 0.5 kg of livestock manure 20 kg 30 kg phosphate fertilizer. At this time, fertilization can adjust the balance of root-shoot ratio and promote shoot growth.

2. Strong shoot fertilizer: nitrogen fertilizer was the main fertilizer for strong shoot, N:P:K=2:1:1, and new shoots began to sprout from April to August after a month of retraction. Therefore, from April to June, 15% compound fertilizer 1.5 kg plus 46% urea 0.5 kg was applied to each tree as strong shoot fertilizer, preferably in three stages.

3. Flower-promoting fertilizer: blooming and hanging fruit from September to October, so it is required that the flower-promoting fertilizer should be mainly available fertilizer from July to August, and the suitable combination of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (2:1:2). Each plant was applied 0.5 kg of compound fertilizer, 0.2 kg of urea, 0.2 kg of potassium chloride (or potassium fluidic acid), 0.1 kg of magnesium sulfate and 50 g of borax.

4. Zhuangguo fertilizer: from January to December, N:P:X=2:1:4, applying compound fertilizer 1kg urea 0.25kg, potash fertilizer 03kg magnesium sulfate 0. 5kg per 5 plants. Kg and 50 grams of zinc sulfate were applied in 3 times. In this period, 0.2% borax and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can also be used for foliar spray topdressing.