Potato planting techniques in Spring

Potato is not only one of the four major food crops, but also an important vegetable crop. It is not only rich in nutrition, but also of high medicinal value. Because of its wide adaptability, relatively simple cultivation and high yield, farmers in the north have a high enthusiasm for planting potatoes, and can bring high economic benefits to farmers.

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I. Variety selection

The selection of potato varieties should pay attention to the following points:

The main results are as follows: 1. We should pay attention to the climatic conditions, and it depends on whether the climatic conditions of the place of introduction and the place of origin are similar.

(2) pay attention to the growth period of the variety. When introducing varieties, we must pay attention to the growth period of varieties, especially when introduced from the north in the south, we must introduce early-maturing and mid-early-maturing varieties, and strive to harvest before the temperature rises.

(3) pay attention to the selection and introduction of virus-free seed stem, virus is one of the main reasons for the degradation of potato varieties, it destroys the internal normal function of the plant, even if other growth conditions are met, the plant still can not grow very well. There will inevitably be a serious reduction in production.

2. Slicing and budding

Budding is generally chosen about 25 days before sowing. When potatoes are cut into pieces, each piece has at least one sprout eye. Sterilize and disinfect Penguin account. After the seed block is dried, the seedling bed starts to sprout, the bud length should not exceed 1 cm, and begin to sow.

III. Land selection and land preparation

Observe the water content of the land before sowing, if the soil moisture is not good, you can consider irrigation ditch to create soil moisture.

In the choice of soil, the best flat terrain, easy to irrigate, conducive to drainage, the soil should be loose and fertile, to facilitate the expansion of potato stems. After receiving the goods, we should carry out deep ploughing and fine raking, and then make beds. The width and height of the border depends on the topography and soil moisture. Those with high terrain and good drainage can be used as wide beds, while those with poor drainage should be made into narrow beds or high beds.

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Fourth, sowing and covering the film

Virus-free potatoes can be sowed early and finished before the Spring Equinox, and the plant distance can be controlled at 20 cm. Organic fertilizer can be sprinkled directly into the ditch or during soil preparation; chemical fertilizer can be put into the ditch or sprinkled between the seed blocks.

When sowing, there are two ways to implant the seed block into the groove: one is that the seed bud is facing down, and the other is that the seed bud is facing up. After the end of the planting, take soil from both sides of the big row to cover the space of the potato ditch and the small line, and add microfilm to cover and compact strictly.

V. Scientific fertilization

Potatoes are fertilizer-loving and high-yielding crops, and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are indispensable for high yield. The role of nitrogen is to promote stem and leaf growth and prolong leaf senescence; phosphorus can strengthen leaf photosynthesis and enhance substance transport and metabolic function; the function of potassium can not only improve the photosynthetic efficiency of potato leaves, but also promote the synthesis and transport of organic matter, enhance stress resistance and improve product quality. In a word, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium play an important role in the high yield of potatoes.

The fertilization of potatoes should be based on organic fertilizer, which is generally based on the principle of "giving priority to organic fertilizer, supplemented by chemical fertilizer, paying attention to base fertilizer and applying topdressing early".

VI. Disease and pest control

The main pests that harm potatoes are aphids, 28-star lady beetles and underground pests. Underground pests mainly include mole cricket, ground tiger and so on.

The control of aphids was carried out with 1000 times of 40% omethoate or 1000 times of 10% dimethoate, and 28 Coccinella was sprayed with 80% trichlorfon or 1000 times of dimethoate, and the control began as soon as adults were found. The main underground pests are mole cricket and ground tiger. Use 80% trichlorfon wettable powder 500 grams melted with water and 20 kilograms of fried cottonseed cake or wheat bran as poison bait, sprinkle it on the roots of seedlings in the evening, or use phoxim granule 812 powder to control it in the soil with sowing.

The main diseases are late blight, diagnosis, treatment and necrosis of potato late blight, and finally sick potato rot. Late blight can also cause potatoes to rot in large quantities during storage. The seeds can be soaked in 200 times formalin solution. Then pile up and cover tightly, sow for 2 hours, then spread out to dry.