"oil / jade / bean" circular planting to increase yield and income

Agricultural technicians check the growth of soybeans in Chen Jialiang's (right) field and give technical guidance.

Tang Mingping, □ special correspondent / photo

On June 18, the author saw in the land of Chen Jialiang, a villager of Sihua Village, Dayi Town, Yilong County, that the soybeans interplanted with spring corn were growing well and were particularly eye-catching.

Chen Jialiang said that in order to improve land utilization and increase income, under the guidance of the town's agricultural technical station, he changed wheat into rape and sweet potato into soybean, and actively promoted the annual cyclic high-yield planting technology of "rape / corn / soybean." Compared with other dryland planting patterns, rape and soybean are important sources of edible oil and protein, and they are both cultivated crops, which are helpful to prevent the decline of soil fertility and improve the multiple cropping index.

Chen Jialiang told me that his family's two mu of dry land began to adopt the annual cyclic high-yield planting technology of "rape / corn / soybean" since 2014. after yield measurement, the yield per mu of rape, corn and soybeans reached more than 150kg, 600kg and 130kg, respectively. The income per mu is more than 3000 yuan, increasing production and income significantly. After crop harvest, straw is returned directly to the field to cover blank rows, which can increase soil fertility, control weeds and reduce the application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. The main technologies are as follows-

Stubble arrangement and species selection

Maize seedlings were transplanted from March 15 to 25 and from April 5 to 15. Soybeans were sown from late May to early June and harvested in mid-late September. Rape seedlings were raised on October 5-10, transplanted on November 1-15, and harvested in the middle and late April of the following year.

Rape varieties with strong growth potential, easy attack and early development and early growth period were selected in seedling stage and bolting stage. Varieties with short stalk and wide sowing date were selected for maize, and shade-tolerant and high-yield varieties were selected for soybean.

Cultivation techniques of corn / soybean

Prepare 1500 kg-2000 kg of fully mature farm manure per mu and mix well with 70 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer for about 30 days. After the harvest of the previous crop, ploughing 25cm-30cm in time to dry the box, the surface of the box is not fine and flat before sowing. Seedling transplanting of 7-10 square meters per mu of seedbed, seedbed made of high border low moisture, moisturizing and drought resistance.

Sowing specifications: corn is transplanted in wide and narrow rows, with small rows of 40 cm, large rows of 160 cm, corn plant spacing of 18 mi 20 cm, and 4500 plants per mu. Transplanting requires seedlings to transplant with seeds, generally raising seedlings for 7 days, seedling-leaf-heart to two-leaf stage. Grow 2 rows of soybeans in large rows, plant spacing 35 cm, row spacing 36 cm, 6000 nests per mu, 4 grains per litter, to ensure that the seedlings are uniform.

Application of seed fertilizer: 10 kg urea per mu. 5kg of potassium sulfate or 40kg of special compound fertilizer for corn should be applied in the transplanting ditch. Apply 25 kg calcium per mu of soybean, cover a thin layer of soil after applying fertilizer, so that the seeds and transplanting seedlings do not come into direct contact with chemical fertilizer. After transplanting, cover the nest or ditch with the rotten farm manure and leave the fine ash manure mixed with potassium sulfate 3 kg / mu to cover the soybean nest.

Fertilizer for raising seedlings: 10 kg urea was applied in 4-5 leaf stage of corn combined with intermediate ploughing and weeding per mu.

Plucking fertilizer: corn trumpet mouth period combined with ploughing and soil application of urea 25 kg-30 kg. Grain fertilizer: 3 kg of urea was applied in the silking period of corn.

Management: replenish seedlings between seedlings before applying fertilizer to corn seedlings, one seedling per litter of corn, and timely replenishment of seedlings with dead seedlings: 2-3 seedlings per litter of soybeans, and timely replanting of missing seedlings to ensure that the basic seedlings are sufficient.

Pest control: corn trumpet mouth with 48% of Lexben 1000 times-1500 solution to control ghost insects, armyworm; 50% carbendazim to prevent large and small spot and prevent rust. During the male silking period of corn, 4000 times solution of imidacloprid was used to control aphids twice, and 75% chlorothalonil was used to control diseases once.

Rape cultivation techniques

Prepare 10 square meters of seedbed per mu for digging and exposure. After the seedling was not fine leveled before raising seedlings, the 10 square seedling bed was evenly applied to the seedling bed with 3 kilograms of rape special ternary compound fertilizer and 30 kilograms of rotten ring fertilizer and 0.2 kilograms of borax, leveling the soil moisture surface, sowing 0.3 kilograms of rape seeds per mu in the field, covering a layer of thin soil after sprinkling, and spraying enemy to kill and control insects.

Seedling management: after emergence, the enemy is sprayed in time to kill and prevent insects. Between 10 days and 15 days after sowing, pull out the overdense and weak seedlings, and irrigate the seedlings with 60 kg of clear dung water every 10 days. Pay attention to do not burn the seedlings, and control water and fertilizer before transplanting.

Transplanting specifications: trench transplanting, row spacing 35 cm, plant spacing 15 cm, single plant transplanting, 6000 plants per mu.

Application of base fertilizer: 30 kg of superphosphate, 8 kg-10 kg of urea, 5 kg of potassium sulfate or 50 kg of rape special compound fertilizer and 2 kg of borax were applied.

Fertilizer for raising seedlings: rape survived after transplanting (about 10 days). 5 kg urea per mu was irrigated with water, and 10 kg urea per mu was irrigated with 10 kg water at intervals of 10-15 days.

Bud bolting fertilizer: rape enters the bolting stage (mid-late December) with 30 kg of rape special compound fertilizer, 1 kg of borax and 5 kg of urea mixed with water. Rape was sprayed 2-3 times with 0.2% borax and potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution at early flowering stage and full flowering stage.

Mid-tillage management: rape is afraid of drought after waterlogging, pay attention to ditching and drainage at seedling stage. The bolting stage, flowering stage and grain filling stage were irrigated once respectively. At the same time, chemical weeding was carried out in the field.

Pest control: Downy mildew is used to prevent downy mildew once in bud bolting period. Control aphids for 3 times at early flowering, full flowering and horn forming stage.