Cultivation and Management techniques of Apple trees in Gansu Province

Cultivation and Management techniques of Apple trees in Gansu Province

In the process of cultivation and management of apple trees, reasonable fertilization, pruning and pest control should be carried out according to the actual growth of fruit trees and local planting conditions, so as to promote the continuous improvement of fruit yield and quality.

1 to breed large seedlings

The breeding of large seedlings can improve the yield of apple trees, and the plant spacing of large seedlings can be controlled at 1-1.5 m, while ensuring proper row spacing. Transplanting after successful breeding can prevent the uneven size and too small size of the fruit [Jishan Huayao]. Large seedlings can be propagated in a nutrition bowl. When emerging, the seedlings are moved into a container with a diameter of 40 cm and added with rooting powder and organic.

Nutrient substrates such as quality and sufficient nutrients can accelerate the growth and development of seedlings. After a year of cultivation, the seedlings are strong enough that the nutrition bowl can be removed and planted directly in the field.

2 improve fertility

Fertilizer plays a very important role in the growth of fruit trees, but the soil fertility is difficult to meet the growth needs of apple trees.

2.1 good application of base fertilizer

Base fertilizer is mainly for some farm manure, such as pig, cow, sheep manure and so on. The effect of base fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer is better, which can promote flowering and fruiting as soon as possible. The problem of lack of soil fertility can be solved by applying animal manure and covering grass under trees.

2.2 reasonable topdressing

The time and quantity of topdressing should be determined reasonably according to the growth of fruit trees. Nitrogen fertilizer was mainly applied before flowering; potassium and phosphorus fertilizer was also applied after flower bud to reduce fruit drop and promote branch and leaf growth; potassium and phosphorus fertilizer should be applied in the middle and later stage to reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer.

2.3 points for consideration

The seedlings and fruit trees are mainly in circular ditches, and fertilized in combination with radial ditches. In the process of ring ditch fertilization, take the outside of the crown shadow as the boundary, constantly dig strip trenches or ring ditches, and sprinkle a mixture of fertilizer and soil in it. If there is a lack of fertilizer or there is no need for annular ditches, radial ditches can be used for fertilization. The mature orchard is more complex, it can be deeply dug after the fertilizer is sprinkled in the whole orchard, and it needs to be watered after the fertilization is completed. When fertilizing and watering, it is necessary to ensure that the sequence is clear and the procedure is standardized. When there are roots exposed to the air, they should be buried in the soil at the first time to prevent root damage.

3 shaping and pruning

The ways of pruning fruit trees are different in different growth periods. When pruning fruit trees in early spring, all the branches less than 50 cm from the ground should be removed, and the growth direction of the branches should be rationally distributed. A branch with a length of more than 70 cm should be left every 20 cm, which should be flattened and sprouted and then pruned properly. The middle trunk should not be cut short, leaving a circle of branches every 20 cm to make its growth more uniform. For robust branches, the main branches should be cut in the same way as tree trunks. The trees that bear fruit for the first time should mainly cultivate the backbone of trees, promote the uniform growth of branches at all levels, and build branches by carving and changing directions, so as to promote the sprouting of fruit trees. In order not to affect the growth of fruit trees during the full fruit period, the ratio of leaf buds to flower buds should be adjusted reasonably while ensuring the fruit setting rate, so as to control the retention of flowers and fruits and ensure the quality of fruit. At the same time, the growth of backbone branches should be controlled reasonably, and the backbone branches should be properly cut every year to ensure the fruiting ability of fruit trees, disperse flower buds reasonably and prevent the occurrence of big and small years.

(4) thinning flowers and fruits

Flower thinning and fruit thinning can improve fruit quality, ensure the healthy growth of fruit trees, and prevent the fruit from being too small. The number of fruit thinning was determined according to the growth state of fruit trees. There is one fruit for every four terminal buds in fruit trees with good growth, and one fruit for every five or six terminal buds in fruit trees that lack nutrition. Flower thinning should be carried out within 30 days after falling flowers.

5 dwarfing

Problems such as lack of light and ventilation caused by over-dense planting should be avoided. The dwarfing treatment of fruit trees can ensure good ventilation and promote the healthy growth of fruit trees, so as to improve the quality and yield of apple trees and increase the economic income of fruit farmers. Dwarfing and dense planting technology can be used to maximize the number of fruit trees by reasonably increasing the density of fruit trees, so as to effectively increase the yield.

(6) Disease and pest control

Aphids, red spiders, anthracnose and ring disease are the main diseases and insect pests of apple trees.

6.1 Ring disease

You can choose 50-fold solution of 5% carbendazim or 50-fold solution of carbendazim wettable powder, or directly apply 35-fold solution of carbendazim on the diseased tumor, or spray eradicative agents (200-fold solution of carbendazim, 50-fold solution of carbendazim, 100-fold solution of 35% wheel pattern remover, 100-fold solution of 50% carbendazim wettable powder, etc.) before apple tree germination.

6.2 anthracnose

You can choose 80% Punuo, 70% Moqijie, 64% disinfectant alum, 10% high water dispersible granules (difenoconazole), 75% Dakonine (chlorothalonil) and so on.

6.3 Red spiders and aphids

You can choose 3000 times of 75% acetamiprid EC, or 4096 times of isocarbophos emulsion, or 4096 times of isocarbophos emulsion, or 2000 times of acetamiprid EC, or 3500 times of imidacloprid wettable powder.