How to plant avocado seeds?

Avocado is a deciduous tree of the genus avocado of the mountain olive family, also known as avocado, avocado, avocado and so on. It is known as "forest cream" because it is rich in plant fat. It is native to Mexico and Central America. Now a small amount of avocado is cultivated in Guangdong, Hainan, Fujian, Guangxi, Taiwan, Yunnan and Sichuan. Let's take a look at how avocado seeds are planted.

Growth habits of avocado

Avocado likes light, warm and humid climate, not cold-resistant, only a few varieties can endure short-term low temperature of 0 degrees Celsius, suitable annual temperature 20: 25 ℃, cold-resistant varieties can withstand low temperature of-6 ℃, low cold-resistant varieties dry up when encountering 0 ℃ low temperature, need annual rainfall above 1000 mm, shallow roots, fragile branches, can not withstand strong wind, strong wind influence can lead to reduced yield, strong adaptability to soil.

How to plant avocado seeds?

Avocados are generally propagated by seeds in production. When sowing, the seed coat should be peeled off to accelerate germination in the sand bed, and planted in a place with deep soil layer, good drainage and shelter from the wind. The suitable row spacing is 5 * (6-7) meters, and mixed planting of varieties can ensure pollination. Seeds germinate after 30-40 days after sowing, and can be cultivated for planting or grafting for about one year.

Planting management of avocado

1. Planting: when the avocado seedlings are 10 to 20 centimeters high, they are graded according to their size, and the row spacing is 30 × 60 centimeters. They are fully watered before moving, and try to be deep when digging to avoid root damage. The row spacing of the planted plants is 5 ~ 6 meters, and the grafted seedlings are fixed for 3 ~ 4 years or the seedlings bloom and bear fruit for 4 ~ 6 years.

2. Cover: avocado is a fruit tree growing in tropical rain forest and in competitive sunlight, and it grows rapidly in the environment of high temperature and humidity, so the cultivation of avocado abroad emphasizes growing grass or planting green manure near the plant in the early stage. and cover a lot near the rhizosphere.

3. Fertilization: avocado is routinely applied nitrogen fertilizer more than 4 times a year, usually by withdrawal or through irrigation system. 50 kg organic fertilizer per plant and 50 g compound fertilizer are applied to adult trees in young fruit stage, and the quantity is doubled after harvest.

4. Drainage: avocados need to keep the rhizosphere soil moist all the year round and are very sensitive to soil drought. once there is a lack of water, the physiological function is blocked and the tree is weak, resulting in falling leaves and fruit, and the cold resistance is reduced in winter, so proper irrigation is needed during drought. but pay attention to drainage in the rainy season.

Disease and pest control of avocado

1. Anthrax

[harm] it can not only harm mature fruits, but also infect leaves, twigs, flowers and young fruits, causing fruit drop and fruit rot.

[prevention and control] clear the diseased branches in the orchard, cut off the diseased leaves, eliminate the source of infection, and carry out low-temperature pretreatment and low-temperature storage as soon as possible after harvest. The key to prevention and control is to minimize the occurrence of other fruit diseases and avoid mechanical damage in fruit transportation.

2. Scab

[harm] the damaged fruit produced a slight round brown scar at the beginning, and then turned brown to light purple. After fruit ripening, the disease spot was United, the center was sunken, and the pericarp was rough.

[prevention and treatment] cut off the diseased branches to reduce pathogens and spray Bordeaux solution or other copper preparations.

3. Pedicle rot

[harm] the pedicel was first susceptible to disease, and slightly withered around the pedicel. With the fruit ripening, the bacteria invaded the fruit, and there was obvious black rot around the pedicel, and the disease boundary was obvious.

[prevention and control] remove the source of infection in time, avoid the accumulation of disease and disability in the park, cover the disease and disability under the tree with film or weeds, accelerate the decomposition of the disease and disability, and do not harvest in cloudy and rainy days.

4. Soot disease

The surfaces of fruits, leaves and stems are covered with a large number of black soot-like hyphae and spores and grow on honeydew secreted by wax scale and whitefly.

The key is to control pests and reduce honeydew production. A better method is to use natural enemies for biological control.