Cultivation techniques for Propagation and Pest Control of Forsythia suspensa

Cultivation techniques for Propagation and Pest Control of Forsythia suspensa

Forsythia suspensa belongs to shrub family, alias connecting shell, etc., is a kind of economical shrub planting variety. Forsythia likes light, strong cold resistance, barren and fertile soil are suitable for growth, generally in the growth process of low incidence of diseases and insect pests, strong sprouting ability, strong anti-pollution ability. Forsythia fruit is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine, which can reduce inflammation and detoxification. generally, it blossoms in early spring with long flowering period and full branches of golden yellow flowers. Forsythia is suitable for planting in houses, under fences and roadsides. This paper mainly introduces the seedling cultivation and cultivation techniques of Forsythia suspensa, in order to provide reference for growers.

1 raising seedlings

Forsythia suspensa has strong sprouting power and is not strict to the soil. Because of light, wild forsythia often grows on sunny or semi-shady and semi-sunny slopes. There are several ways to raise seedlings of Forsythia suspensa, including sowing, plant division, cutting, striping and so on.

1.1 Parcel selection

Although Forsythia suspensa is not strict with the growing soil, it is necessary to choose flat and fertile soil when raising seedlings, and the soil should be drained and irrigated, because too much sandy soil will cause poor seedling growth. Land preparation should be carried out after plot selection, and soil preparation should be carried out in autumn, and organic fertilizer should be applied in cooperation with soil preparation, and then deep turning should be carried out to remove weeds and debris.

1.2 seed collection

After the fruit of Forsythia suspensa was ripe in autumn, it was picked before Frosts Descent in autumn, and the cracked fruit was mainly picked, and the fruit was beaten to obtain seeds, and then the full, robust and pest-free seeds were selected as the mother tree. the seeds were selected and stored in a cool place for seedling raising.

1.3 seed treatment

Forsythia seeds are dormant, so seed treatment should be carried out in spring. The seeds are generally soaked in a contrast solution of gibberellin and alcohol before germination in order to wake up the dormant seeds. Accelerate the germination of the seeds in March, soak the selected seeds in warm water for about 3 hours, then remove and drain the water, put it in the sand and put it in the

The north wind is facing the sun, pay attention to turning every day, and you can sow seeds when there are about 1/3 cracks in the seeds.

1.4 sowing

After the seeds of Forsythia suspensa germinated, the seeds should be trenched before sowing, then the fine sand should be scattered into the ditch together with the seeds, the soil should be covered and compacted, and the grass curtain should be covered to prevent drying. After covering the soil, you should spray herbicide to kill the young grass, but do not water the seeds within 10 hours of planting. It is best to select large seedlings and strong seedlings, combined with weeding and watering, and to keep the distance between seedlings at about 5cm when the seedlings grow about 5cm. After planting for one month, fertilizing and weeding should be carried out at the same time of watering. When the seedlings reach 15cm, it is necessary to carry out inter-seedling, and strengthen field management and weeding management.

1.5 transplanting

Forsythia suspensa seedlings are generally transplanted in the spring of the following year. If Forsythia suspensa is planted in pieces, it will fall to the ground naturally when the seeds are mature in autumn, and many seedlings will grow. When the number of seedlings is small, this natural seedling raising method can be used to raise seedlings. When transplanting, we need to dig out the soil of the seedlings and roots together, dig the planting hole before planting, the diameter of the planting hole is about 30cm, the distance between the planting holes is about 150cm, put compound fertilizer 5kg in the planting hole, and transplant Forsythia suspensa seedlings into the hole. Then fill the soil, and when halfway through the filling, lift the seedlings up to promote the root system of the seedlings to stretch and fill the soil and step on it. If the soil after transplanting is relatively dry, it needs to be watered in time.

1.6 Cuttage seedling

Forsythia cutting seedlings are generally selected in summer, and it is the best in overcast and rainy days. When cutting, the Lignified branches which are about 3 years old and free from diseases and insect pests are selected and cut into cuttings with about 20cm. About 3 buds and 2 leaves are retained on the cuttings to help the cuttings for water absorption and photosynthesis. After the cuttings are finished, they should be cut into a slope to help them take root. 50 cuttings are tied into a bundle, soaked in the solution of rooting powder, taken out to cool, cut and compacted after covering the soil. The suitable temperature should be paid attention to. The most suitable temperature is about 13 ℃, but it can not be higher than 27 ℃. Although Forsythia suspensa has strong growth power, mixed tree species will be produced when the cuttings or adventitious buds take root. If the light is not illuminated in time, it will affect the root growth cycle of Forsythia suspensa and reduce its rooting rate. Therefore, after cutting seedlings, we must control the temperature and light. If the sun is relatively strong, shading can be carried out after Forsythia suspensa cutting, but the transmittance of the shading net should be about 60. When the cutting forsythia root grows out, the shading net can be removed, generally from 10:00 to 4 pm every day. Forsythia cutting is generally carried out in an environment with high temperature and humidity, and it is easy to cause infection and decay after cutting, so it is necessary to disinfect it with carbendazim to prevent the forsythia wound from producing mold before healing. The cutting wound of Forsythia suspensa needs to be treated with foliar urea fertilizer about 7 days after it is healed. After rooting, it needs to be sprayed with the mixture of urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate to promote the healthy growth of roots and improve the Lignification degree of seedlings.

1.7 raising seedlings by pressing

Forsythia suspensa seedlings can generally be raised in spring and autumn, the longer forsythia branches need to be selected in spring, and then directly buried in the soil after bending, and then watered to keep the soil moist. Generally, the branches can take root 60 days after striping. The front end of the branch needs to be cut off in autumn and pressed and planted in the spring of the following year after pseudo-planting.

1.8 branching seedling

Forsythia branch seedling cultivation is generally carried out before the leaves lag behind in autumn to the leaf development in spring. During branch breeding, the forsythia plant can be dug up a branch above ground, with roots underground. After planting, the new plants sprouting around the mother plant for more than 4 years need to be dug out for colonization.

1.9 Field management

When Forsythia suspensa seedlings reach 20cm, weeding, soil loosening and fertilization can be carried out. 2 plants should be left in each hole and watered at the right time. When the seedlings grow to about 30cm, farm manure is needed to promote the growth of the seedlings. When the seedlings reach 70cm, the top shoots need to be cut off to promote the development of lateral branches, and the lateral branches will be cultivated into main branches. After growing up, forsythia should be pruned to promote ventilation, daylighting, early fruiting and early fruit ripening.

2 cultivation techniques

2.1 Parcel selection

The cultivation of Forsythia suspensa should be arranged in advance, generally choose the hilly land with gentle slope, and use the 70cm with a distance of 3m between slopes to prepare the land. After transplanting, raw soil or stone slices should be used as backfilling ridges, and ripe soil should be used for backfilling so that the ridges are 25cm high, 30cm wide and 30cm thick.

2.2 transplanting

Forsythia suspensa transplantation is generally selected between autumn and spring, after defoliation. In order to improve the survival rate of transplanting, forsythia can be cut off first, and then the root of forsythia should be dipped in rooting powder or mixed with mud before transplanting. After transplanting, the soil layer should be compacted and compacted layer by layer, so as to make the seedling root system more normal and easy to grow and stretch.

2.3 upbringing and management

2.3.1 after transplanting Forsythia suspensa should be treated with loosening soil and weeding once every winter, combined with fertilization, mainly cake fertilizer and soil miscellaneous fertilizer. Forsythia suspensa seedlings can be treated with intercropping and dwarf stem in the early growing period, combined with watering and fertilization.

2.3.2 rational fertilization should be carried out 3 years after planting of Forsythia suspensa. Urea is the main fertilizer, and the amount is controlled at 225kg per mu. Fertilization should also be carried out after 5 years of planting. The fertilization is mainly based on the mixture of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, and the amount is controlled at 600kg per mu.

2.3.3 after transplanting Forsythia suspensa under irrigation and drainage, watering should be carried out during the drought period. If the irrigation condition of the land is not good, the work of preserving soil moisture should be carried out. After forsythia is transplanted, if it is necessary to carry out drainage treatment in the rainy season, dig drainage ditches to eliminate stagnant water.

2.3.4 in the first winter after transplanting Forsythia suspensa, when the leaves are finished, pruning treatment should be carried out at the place where the main branch is about 70cm from the ground, and coring treatment should be carried out the following summer to promote the development of forsythia lateral branches. After pruning, about 4 strong branches should be left on the main branch in order to cultivate the secondary main branch. After several years of growth of Forsythia suspensa, the shape of outer circle and inner cavity and good light transmittance can be formed by pruning and repair. this tree shape is suitable for forsythia forsythia photosynthesis and is beneficial to nutrient absorption. After that, the withered branches should be pruned every winter, at the same time, the cross branches and diseased branches should be pruned, and the aging, perennial and fruiting branches should be clipped to promote the growth of new strong branches in the trunk and restore the growth of Forsythia suspensa. And improve the fruit rate.

2.4 Disease and pest control

The main diseases and insect pests in the growth process of Forsythia suspensa are leaf spot disease, which is caused by fungal infection. When the disease is serious, the whole leaf will die. High temperature and closed environment are the main causes of leaf spot disease. Leaf spot disease generally occurs in late May, and about July is the high incidence period. the main control is to prune the diseased branches in time, to trim the overdense branches, to make Forsythia suspensa have good light transmittance, and to strengthen the management of fertilizer and water. Pay attention to the application of nitrogen fertilizer to make the nutrition balance in the growth process of Forsythia suspensa. Trunk whitening treatment can be carried out in the prone period of leaf spot disease after May to prevent it in advance. The insect pest in the growth process of Forsythia suspensa is mainly mole cricket. Mole cricket should be controlled in both seedling stage and emergence stage of Forsythia suspensa, and the control will affect the survival rate of seedlings. Mole cricket mainly nibbles on the tender stem and rhizome of Forsythia suspensa when it occurs, and when it is serious, it will cause seedling death and break ridges. Another kind of pest is the drillworm, which mainly drills into the woody part of the trunk of Forsythia suspensa, invading the pith of Forsythia suspensa, and in serious cases can cause Forsythia suspensa not to blossom and bear fruit.

2.5 harvesting

Forsythia is divided into Qingqiao and Huangqiao. The green fruits picked in September are generally Qingqiao, while the yellow fruits picked after October are generally Huangqiao. Attention should be paid to the prevention of rain in the processing process of Forsythia suspensa after picking, so as to avoid the decline of quality.

3 conclusion

Forsythia suspensa needs scientific and reasonable design, ventilation and light, and reasonable fertilization and irrigation in order to ensure the high survival rate of Forsythia suspensa in seedling stage, good growth situation after transplanting and free from diseases and insect pests.