Cuttings Technology of Hubei Tea Plant in Open Field

Open-field scale cutting technique of Tea trees in Hubei Province

Through the efforts of several generations of tea scientists and technicians, Wufeng Tujia Autonomous County in Hubei Province has successively developed excellent tea varieties such as Echa 7, Wufeng 212 and Wufeng 310. In order to rapidly popularize the improved tea varieties in the county, cutting seedlings in the open field in autumn were carried out for 3 consecutive years, with an annual scale of 3.33 hm 2, providing more than 30 million high-quality tea seedlings for the society. In this paper, the successful experience of raising seedlings is summarized in order to provide a useful reference for cutting seedlings of tea trees in open field in similar ecological areas.

First, prepare before cutting

1. Site selection of Seedling Base

The frost-free period in the area where the seedling base is located is short, and the extremely low temperature in winter is not lower than-3 ℃. Choose concentrated flat land, there are sufficient water sources nearby, drainage and irrigation is convenient, and it is most suitable for the broad banks of low mountain valleys.

two。 Branch storage of improved varieties of tea trees

After the picking of famous tea in spring, the mother garden of improved varieties with irrigation conditions of 4 ~ 10 years old was selected, which was deeply pruned in time in late April, cut to the summer shoot of the previous year, and buried in a deep trench of 15 cm from the root neck of tea tree at 20: 30 cm before May 1. Apply tea special fertilizer 750kg, 45% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 450kg, urea 300kg per hectare, apply evenly and irrigate in time. Attention should be paid to the control of aphids, tea inchworm and tea small green leafhopper during the storage of tea branches. Ten days before cutting, the top of the tea shoot was topped one after another, and the young buds, two or three leaves at the top of the tea shoot were removed, and the axillary buds of the branches to be picked were required to be full, unbranched, robust and brown-red, with a diameter of 4-8 mm.

3. Arrangement of cutting nursery

Select the nursery land, clean up weeds, stones and other sundries, spread compound fertilizer 750 kg per hectare, turn deeply at least 15 cm, rake fine, ditch the area according to 150 cm to make a border, the border surface is in the north-south direction, the border width is 120 cm, and the width on the furrow is 30 cm. Waist trench should be opened if the border length is more than 30 m, and 4 ditches should be matched with border groove, waist groove, perimeter ditch and flood discharge ditch. The height of the border is about 10 cm.

4. The border is covered with yellow soil.

Select wasteland and woodland with normal growth of Pinus massoniana and rhododendron, remove the surface layer, dig up the yellow core soil and sift it and lay it evenly on the border surface, requiring the bed surface to be flat and compact, effective width 110 cm, thickness 8 cm, watering solid and ready for use.

5. Sunshade construction

Use a high shed to shade the sun, and choose a black special net with a shading rate of 70%. The miscellaneous wood columns supporting the sunshade net are 250cm long and buried in the ground for 50 cm. The side piles of 600 columns per hectare must be reinforced by inclined short wooden piles. Pull No. 12 wire vertically and horizontally at the top of the post, spread the sunshade net on top, and surround the nursery with sunshade net.

6. Irrigation system laying

A simple sprinkler irrigation system is installed in the nursery, and the sprinklers are slightly overlapped according to the working radius, leaving no dead corner to ensure that the whole nursery can be sprayed.

Water, the sprinkler should be 80 cm higher than the sunshade net.

The above preparatory work must be completed before September 1 of each year.

2. Short spike cuttings

When cutting, the cutting, transportation and storage of the panicle of the tea tree in the mother garden should be arranged as a whole to ensure that the panicle cut off from the mother is fresh and can not be squeezed and heated. In sunny days, the ear strips should be cut and scattered in a cool and wet place during the period of 10: 00 to 16: 00. It is best to cut them into short-spike cuttings on the same day, and must be finished the next day at the latest. When the leaves of diseases and insect pests, mechanical damage and abnormal leaves were removed, the total length of the short spike cut to the border was less than 4 cm, there was an intact leaf, the tea bud with the upper end from the leaf axil was cut flat by 5 mm, the lower end from the petiole on the shoot was about 3 cm oblique to the leaf surface, and the bud associated with the axillary bud must be pinched off. The surface of the border was watered before cutting. during cutting, the humidity of the border was determined by touching non-sticky mud with fingers, cutting row by row according to 2.5 cm plant spacing and 8 cm row spacing, squeezing the tea stem on the tea bud with thumb and index finger, and inserting it vertically (varieties with oblique leaves) or tilting forward (varieties with flat leaves) into the border surface with petiole about to contact.

The border surface is suitable, the angle between the leaf and the border surface is more than 30 °, can not be covered on the soil surface, the leaf surface is consistent to the south, the adjacent cuttings leaves in the same row can be partially overlapped into an imbricate arrangement, and the front and rear leaves do not overlap to ensure that the axillary bud eyes of the leaves are exposed. Spray water after cutting on the same day. After each piece of land is cut, spray chlorothalonil and other protective fungicides in time. Field cuttings must be completed before October 1st of each year, so as to ensure that before the arrival of the Beginning of Winter's solar terms in early November, almost all tea plants form strong nodular calli at the lower end of the short spike, and some even grow white young roots of 1-4 cm.

Third, the management after cutting.

1. Water management

The first watering after cuttings must be adequate, and appropriate amount of water should be sprayed after 15: 00 sunny days, but not watered on cloudy and rainy days. Because of the whole nursery high shed, the whole nursery is covered by sunshade net, the small environment is very humid, coupled with October Xiaoyangchun, which is very conducive to the formation of callus at the lower end of cuttings.

two。 Overwintering management

The border is covered with film to prevent frost and frost to survive the winter. In the middle of December every year, when the average temperature drops below 5 ℃, the border must be covered with film. Prepare a bamboo bow with a length of 210 cm and a width of 2 cm. The tips at both ends are cut and inserted into the edge of the border, covered with a thin film, which is tightened and compacted with soil around. Before covering the film, the germinated weed seedlings must be thoroughly cleaned, fully watered, and the fungicide such as stone-sulfur mixture should be sprayed once in the whole garden. Pay attention to the weather forecast and close the sunshade net before the snow to prevent the snow from crushing the high shed. Often go to the nursery to check the film to prevent it from being opened by the cold wind and clean up the ditches and flood drains.

3. Spring management

After the Beginning of Spring, the temperature picked up slowly, sometimes repeatedly, spraying water on sunny days to keep the furrows moist, and generally re-launched the sunshade net in the middle of March. The Spring Equinox later removed the covered film, when the tea buds had already germinated and produced 3-5 tender leaves. The mixture of 0.5% urea and 0.3% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer was applied in time, and once in late March, mid-April and early May respectively. It was poured on the border surface with the help of micro-pumping machine, and the dosage was 15.0 ~ 22.5 tons per hectare.

4. Summer management

Spray the right amount of water on sunny days to keep the border surface dry and wet. Daily inspection, prevention of leaf-eating pests and aphids, use chlorothalonil to control disease, methyl thiophanate to treat leaf spot disease. The mixture of 0.8% urea and 0.5% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer was poured with a small pump. The mixture of this concentration can remove some young weed seedlings and promote the growth of tea seedlings. It was applied once in late May, mid-June and early July. Stop topdressing in August. In order to cultivate strong seedlings, the tea seedlings in the nursery were cut off more than 20 cm from the border surface, which could inhibit the strong seedlings, make the dwarf tea seedlings get more sunlight and promote their growth, so as to improve the emergence rate of tea seedlings.

5. Autumn management

In the middle of September, remove the sunshade net to train seedlings on a cloudy day, properly control water, inspect the nursery, and strictly prevent diseases and insect pests. The purse seine around the nursery is retained until the tea seedlings come out of the nursery.

IV. Seedlings coming out of the nursery

In late October and November, a new tea garden can be built nearby. The day before seedling emergence, the nursery should be properly watered. The whole process of seedling transportation should be protected from the sun and wind, and the loading should not be squeezed. when it is transported to the destination, it should be scattered in a small bundle in a cool place, sprinkled with water to moisturize, and planted in time. Years of practice shows that bare-root tea seedlings are not suitable for long-distance transportation.