Standardized cultivation technique Model of Rice Daohuaxiang No.2

Standardized cultivation technique Model of Rice Daohuaxiang No.2

1 expected production target

Target yield: 0.8000 kg / ha. The yield composition is 17-18 holes per square meter, the number of effective panicles per hole is 20-21 ears, 95 grains per panicle, and the 1000-grain weight is 26 grams.

2 key technical measures

2.1 selection of varieties

The varieties with growth period of 138 ~ 140 days, plant height of 105 ~ 110cm, average grain per ear of 100,110 grains, 1000-grain weight of 26.5g, yield potential of 8000 kg / ha and resistance to rice blast were selected.

2.2 cultivate strong seedlings

2.2.1 Seedling raising seeds in a seedling throwing tray in the greenhouse are 3540 kg (purity 99%, purity 98%, germination rate more than 90%). The seeds are dried for 2 to 3 days before soaking, and salt water with a specific gravity of 1.13 is used for seed selection (10 kg salt and 50 kg water, fresh eggs are 1 square centimeter above the water surface), so that the plumpness of the seeds can reach 100%. Wash the brine with clean water for 2 or 3 times immediately after seed selection. The seeds were soaked in water for 5 to 7 days, and the accumulated temperature reached 100 degrees per day. The soaked seeds were accelerated to germinate for 36 hours under the condition of 25 ℃ ~ 32 ℃, and the bud length was 1 mm. It was suitable to break the chest at high temperature (32 ℃), promote germination at suitable temperature (25 ℃), and air the bud at low temperature (15 ℃). After germination, 40 kg seed buds were coated with 6.25% bright shield 100 ml and dried for 24 hours before sowing.

Choose the nursery land with flat terrain, fertile soil, low groundwater level, leeward to the sun and convenient drainage and irrigation. To improve soil fertility all the year round, 1.5 cubic meters of high-quality agricultural fertilizer was applied in the seedling field after transplanting, and diammonium phosphate was used on the seedling bed at 60g / m2. The ratio of seedling to Honda is 1 ∶ 80,100. Prepare the bed soil in autumn and pile up the paddy soil as needed for the next year. Composting can be directly equipped with the corresponding amount of organic fertilizer (soil ∶ organic fertilizer ratio 4 ∶ 1), and the surface is sealed with butachlor, then covered with film, and prepared with bed soil. Paddy soil and peat 3 ∶ 1, or paddy soil and rotten pig manure 4 ∶ 1, 2 kg bed soil per plate, about 1000 kg per hectare. Each hectare should prepare 500 plates of 434-hole seedlings or 550 plates of 352-hole seedlings. Buckle the shed early to melt the bed soil and increase the ground temperature. Buckle the shed on March 25. The temperature is stable through 5 ℃, generally sowing on April 8-10, with a sowing rate of 3-4 grains per bowl. After sowing, sifted fine soil is used to cover 1 cm of soil without showing seeds.

2.2.2 Seedling bed management: sealed and insulated before seedling emergence, 25 ℃ ~ 28 ℃ after emergence, no more than 25 ℃ at 1.5 leaf stage, 20 ℃ ~ 25 ℃ at 1.5 leaf stage and 20 ℃ ~ 25 ℃ at 1.5 leaf stage. Due to the small amount of soil in pot seedling, it is easy to be short of water, and the sign of water shortage is that the bed is white and the seedling leaves are curled when ventilated. The bed soil should be kept moist before rice emergence, watering should be controlled at 1.5 leaf stage, and timely watering should be done after 1.5 leaf stage. Pot seedling, because the soil nutrient space is small, it is easy to lose fertilizer after 2 leaves, so it should be a proper amount of topdressing. One bag (1000 grams) of special fertilizer for seedling bed was applied to every 200 plates of seedlings at 2.5leaf stage. Seedling field paspalum grass 1.5 leaves, every 100 square meters of seedling bed with 10% gold (cyanofluoxate) EC 10 ml plus 48% bentazon 30 ml mixed with the right amount of water spray, the safety is good. In the seedling 1.5 leaf stage, spray 50 square meters of seedling bed with 30% Ruimiaqing per bottle.

2.2.3 two days before transplanting, three belts go to the ground. With fertilizer: 100 grams of diammonium phosphate per square meter of rice field; medicine: 70% Ambroxol 6 grams / 100 square meters or 25% Aktai 6 grams / 100 square meters, spray 5 kilograms of water. Rooting agent: sprayed with 5000-fold solution of gibberellin rutin indole acetic acid mixture.

2.3 Mechanical ground preparation

The paddy field should be ploughed at a depth of 15-16 cm, the clay can be deeper and the sandy loam soil can be shallower; the rotary tillage depth should reach more than 13-14 cm, and ploughing should be combined with rotary ploughing. Water preparation requirements are not too high, inch water does not expose mud, precipitation is suitable for transplanting.

2.4 transplanting

The temperature is stable from 13 ℃ to 25 May, and the best transplanting period is May 15 to 25. The suitable transplanting density is 30 cm between rows and 18 cm between plants. 434-hole and 352-hole seedling plates are used per hectare.

2.5 Formula fertilization

The application rate of chemical fertilizer is 145 kg / ha of pure nitrogen, 80 kg / ha of pure phosphorus, 120 kg / ha of pure potassium and 25 kg / ha of zinc sulfate. Base fertilizer: 45% nitrogen fertilizer, 100% phosphate fertilizer, 75% potash fertilizer before ploughing. 46% (12-16-18) compound fertilizer is recommended for base fertilizer, with a dosage of 500 kg per hectare. Topdressing: 150 kg urea, 75 kg ammonium sulfate per hectare and 50 kg potassium chloride per hectare. The pure nitrogen of tillering fertilizer was 34.5 kg / ha on June 3-5, that is, urea 75 kg / ha, and that of tillering fertilizer on June 13-15 was 34.5 kg / ha, that is, urea 75 kg / ha. Panicle fertilizer on July 12-13, pure nitrogen 15 kg / ha, that is, ammonium sulfate 75 kg / ha, pure potassium 30 kg / ha, that is, potassium chloride 50 kg / ha.

2.6 Scientific irrigation

Scientific irrigation is carried out according to different growth and development stages of rice, that is, turning green in an inch of water, tillering in shallow water, drying the field with seedlings, booting in sufficient water, heading in shallow water, moist grouting, and yellow ripening and drying. In case of low temperature at booting stage, deep water will be irrigated with a depth of 15-20 cm. During the critical period of effective tillering of rice, draining and drying the field for 10 to 15 days, reducing the concentration of nitrogen in the soil, removing harmful gases from the soil, and controlling ineffective tillering, the time is generally from June 25 to July 10.

2.7 Integrated control of diseases, insect pests and weeds

Rice weeding is closed before transplanting. After raking the land for 2 days, it was closed with 50% Ruifite 500 ml / ha, closed for 2 days and then transplanted. After the rice turned green, 50% Ruifite 750 ml plus 30% trimethoprim 300 grams combined with tiller fertilizer and urea was applied. In the later stage, if broad-leaved weeds such as wild Sagittaria, Yujiuhua and Hedyotis diffusa appear, 2.5% Daojie (pentafluorosulfonamide) 1000 ml / ha can be sprayed to control them. Rice blast was controlled by 40% Fuji 1 1500 ml / ha plus 2% plus rice 500ml / ha or 75% (rice colourful) tricyclazole 450g / ha 2% plus rice 500ml / ha to control panicle blast. The stem borer uses 90% insecticidal order 900 g / ha or 20% Kang width 150 ml / ha, and the control time depends on the pest situation forecast of the agro-technical department. Rice water weevil and rice weevil were sprayed or sprayed with 48% chlorpyrifos (chlorpyrifos) 750 ml / ha.

2.8 Anti-lodging technology

At the end of tillering stage, 15 bags per hectare were applied to strengthen the basal internodes and make the basal internodes shorter and thicker, so as to enhance the lodging resistance of rice.

2.9 Mechanical harvesting

When the grain is all hardened, the ear axis is dried and yellow, and the grain maturity reaches 95%, the moisture content of rice stalk drops to less than 16% and is harvested in time with a combine harvester. Leave 25 cm high stubble straw to return to the field during harvest to increase soil organic matter and improve soil fertility.