Maintenance and management of Chenopodium vulgaris

Flower forest veratrum, also known as Veratrum paniculata, 'rainbow' wood veratrum, flower and leaf wood veratrum, its tender leaves are light yellow, pink to red, and have color spots, the ornamental value is relatively high. Because of its strong cold resistance, Chenopodium can be cultivated in the open field and survive the winter safely at the temperature of minus 17 ℃. The editor will introduce you to the maintenance and management of Chenopodium.

Chenopodium vulgaris

Moisture and humidity

Manage about a week after cutting, in the morning or evening, check the substrate humidity in the seedling bed, and the air humidity in the small arch shed, and replenish the moisture in time, so that the saturated water content of the substrate can reach 60% to 70%, and the air relative humidity is more than 95%. Check every other week or so, timely watering; when 40 days after cutting, some panicles take root in the lower axils of the leaves By about 50 days, about 80% of the roots can be used for seedling training: first, uncover the film at both ends of the small arch shed for ventilation and reduce the air relative humidity; after 2 days, you can remove all the film and spray water to maintain the air humidity in the greenhouse; in the future, we will often pay attention to the humidity of the substrate and replenish the water in a timely and appropriate amount.

Second, light and temperature

In the days before seedling training after cutting, the air temperature in the small arch shed should be strictly controlled below 35 ℃. When the highest temperature is 30 ℃, the air temperature in the small arch shed will exceed 35 ℃, and cooling measures should be adopted. Add two layers of sunshade net above the single shed or conjoined greenhouse, with a shading rate of 75% to 90%, spray on the top of the small arch shed, once every half an hour, so that the temperature of the small arch shed can be cooled rapidly. After the beginning of seedling training, we should also maintain two layers of sunshade net, and a layer of sunshade net can be removed after basically drawing new shoots.

III. Disease prevention and control

It is mainly caused by leaf spot and root rot, which is caused by mold on leaves and Phaeocystis aeruginosa. In the leaf tip, leaf edge appears reddish brown, brown disease spot, the junction of the disease has a reddish-brown uplift line, called red spot, the disease part has a small black spot, that is, the pathogen.

Growing environment of swallow palm

Swallow palm is native to southern Africa. Like a warm, dry and ventilated environment. Poor cold resistance, like sunshine, slightly resistant to semi-overcast.

Reproduction method

Cuttage

Cuttings are commonly used to propagate. Generally carried out in spring and autumn, cut the sturdy top branches, 7-10 cm long, it is best to hang them in a cool place for 1 day, wait for the wound to dry slightly, then insert it into the moist sand or perlite, take root about 3 weeks after insertion, and the survival rate is extremely high. You can also use single-leaf cuttings, dry slightly after cutting leaves, then insert into the sand bed, take root about 4 weeks after cutting, and put on the basin when the root is 2 to 3 centimeters long.

Water plug

The water insertion propagation of swallow palm has the advantages of fast rooting, more rooting and high survival rate.

Selection of cuttings: cut off the palm branches of swallows with good quality, strong growth and disease-free from April to September; each section is 10-15 cm long, with 3-4 pairs of leaves at the upper end, remove two pairs of leaves at the lower end, and rinse the juice on the cut.

Cutting substrates and containers: take clean, sterile water bottles or cups, fill them with clean water, and put foam or thick pieces of paper that act as branches. The selected cup is preferably an opaque cup to meet the need for the root system to grow fast in the dark.

Cuttings: the cuttings are fixed with foam or thick paper and placed in a cup. The water depth should be dipped into the ear 1, 2, 2, 1, 3, and put in a ventilated shade, keeping the temperature above 25 °C.

Management after cutting: changing water every 2-3 days after cutting can take root in about 7 days, and the rooting rate is almost 100%, which is about a week earlier than that of soil planting. After rooting, the root system should be put on the pot as soon as possible, otherwise the root system is easy to break. It should be placed in a shaded place for 5-7 days to enter normal maintenance.

Cultivation techniques

Soil

When potted swallow palm is planted, it is advisable to choose the rotten leaf soil of 2 to 3 and the garden soil of 1 to 3 and add a small amount of river sand as culture soil, and the bottom of the pot can put a little long-acting fertilizer such as hooves as base fertilizer. In order to facilitate drainage, the bottom of the basin should also be covered with some gravel or tiles. From spring to autumn, can be watered once every two days, avoid stagnant water in the basin. When the temperature is more than 30 ℃ in summer, the plants are dormant and semi-dormant, so watering should be controlled. At the same time, we should also do a good job of shading and cooling, spray water to the ground around the basin 2 or 3 times a day, and pay attention to ventilation.

Fertilizer application

The liquid fertilizer used by cactus is applied once a month in spring and autumn, but there is no fertilization in summer, and the indoor temperature is too low in winter. Potted swallow palms are generally changed every 3 to 4 years. When changing the basin in spring, compound fertilizer or rotten organic fertilizer can be added as base fertilizer.

Watering

Swallow palm grows faster, in order to keep the plant shape plump, watering should not be too much. Watering requires that it should be dry rather than wet, dry should be thoroughly watered, and the basin soil should be dry. It grows vigorously in spring and can be watered 2-3 times a week. In the hot and humid summer, the plant is in a semi-dormant state, so watering and fertilization should be strictly controlled. Outdoor cultivation, to avoid torrential rain, otherwise too much water in the roots, easy to cause rotten roots and death. Midsummer, such as poor ventilation or excessive lack of water, will also cause leaves to turn yellow and fall off. People should gradually reduce watering after autumn. In winter, when moving into the indoor maintenance, it can be watered reasonably according to the indoor temperature.

In winter, the watering times should be reduced appropriately to keep the basin soil slightly dry. Culture management is more extensive, generally do not apply fertilizer, if the growth is too weak, you can add some liquid fertilizer containing potassium or thin mature cake fertilizer and water once a month in the growing season. The suitable temperature for the growth of swallow palm is 15-25 ℃, and the overwintering temperature should be kept above 7 ℃, and it is easy to suffer frost injury when it is lower than 5 ℃. Extreme summer heat and strong sunlight are disadvantageous to plant growth. In winter, the flowerpot should be moved to the sunny place in the shed to keep the leaves clear and green. Generally, the basin should be changed once every two years, and the soil should be loose and fertile with good drainage.

Temperature

The optimum relative humidity of the air is 40-60%. The optimum growth temperature is 15 ℃ ~ 32 ℃. It is afraid of high temperature and muggy heat, and goes into dormancy when the summer temperature is above 33 ℃. Avoid cold frost, the overwintering temperature needs to be kept above 10 ℃, and when the winter temperature drops below 7 ℃, it will also enter a dormant state. If the ambient temperature is close to 4 ℃, it will die of frostbite.

Light

Swallow palms like the sun, but in summer avoid direct sunlight, should be placed in ventilation, shady place maintenance, other seasons can appropriately increase the light, the leaf color will be more green and plump. Low temperature in winter, increase light, reduce watering, help to improve cold resistance. If you put it in a dark place for a long time, the plant will grow, and the leaves will become thinner and yellow, reducing the ornamental value.

Pruning

Shaping and pruning once a year, when changing pots in spring or entering the greenhouse at the end of autumn, cut off diseased branches and withered leaves to make the plant shape more fresh and elegant.

Pest control

There are few diseases and insect pests in swallow palm, and anthracnose and leaf spot disease are harmful in the case of high temperature and high humidity.

It can be sprayed with 600,800 times solution of 70% methyl topiramate wettable powder and 1000 times liquid of 60% propionate tebuconazole wettable powder. If the indoor ventilation is poor, the stems and leaves are vulnerable to shell insects. It is found that insect pests should be washed manually immediately, and when the damage is serious, 0.5% veratrine can be sprayed and controlled with 300 times of veratrine.

What if the swallow palm gives birth to the worm? how do the swallow palm reproduce?

Swallow palm is a variety of succulent plants, it is different from the general succulent plant is that swallow palm can be green all the year round, it is precisely because of this, it will be loved by the majority of consumers in the market. But the swallow palm is also a kind of plant which is more vulnerable to insect pests, so we still need to master some skills in the aspect of prevention and control.

What if the swallow gives birth to a worm?

Swallow palm fewer diseases and insect pests, high temperature, high humidity, anthracnose and leaf spot disease harm, can be used 70% methyl thiophanate wettable powder 600 times 800 times liquid, 60% propionate tebuconazole wettable powder 1000 times liquid spray. If the indoor ventilation is poor, and the stems and leaves are vulnerable to shell insects, it is found that the pests should be washed manually immediately, and 0.5% veratrine can be sprayed and controlled with 300 times of veratrine and 500 times of solvent.

How to reproduce swallow paw

Cutting propagation:

Time: usually in spring and autumn. Because the cutting swallow palm has higher requirements for soil, try to choose sunny days for cutting. The selected soil should also be disinfected in advance.

Methods: cut the sturdy top branches, 7-10 cm long, and dry them in a cool place for 1 day. After the wound is dry, insert it in wet sand or perlite. It can take root 3 weeks after cuttage, and the survival rate is very high. (if you think your cutting technique is good, you can choose leaf cutting. The method is the same, the leaves are dried and inserted directly into the sand bed, and they can take root after 4 weeks. )

Pot after cuttage: must be planted separately after cuttage survives. First put a coarse-grained matrix or ceramsite 2cm thick at the bottom of the basin as a filter layer, and then sprinkle a layer of rotten organic fertilizer on it as base fertilizer. Then put the plant into the pot and pay attention to separating the fertilizer from the plant's roots to avoid burning roots.

How to prevent the occurrence of insect pests in the palm of swallows

The first way is to use garlic. Garlic can kill bacteria or insects. Mashing garlic cloves and diluting them with some water and then spraying them on the leaves of swallow palms can also kill insects.

The second is that we can use our daily necessities soap to kill insects, which is also a very useful way to kill insects.

The method of swallow palm culture

1. Soil: the rotten leaf soil of 2x3 and the garden soil of 1hamp3 should be mixed and a small amount of river sand should be added as culture soil, and a little long-acting fertilizer such as hooves can be put at the bottom of the basin as base fertilizer. In order to facilitate drainage, the bottom of the basin should also be covered with some gravel or tiles. Every spring, swallow palms need to be changed and re-added to the fertile soil.

2. Temperature: the optimum growth temperature of swallow palm is 15: 32 ℃. It is afraid of high temperature and muggy heat and enters dormancy when the summer temperature is above 33 ℃. Avoid cold frost, the overwintering temperature needs to be kept above 10 ℃, and when the winter temperature drops below 7 ℃, it will also enter a dormant state. If the ambient temperature is close to 4 ℃, it will die of frostbite.

3, sunshine: swallow palms like the sun, but in summer avoid direct sunlight, should be placed in ventilation, shady place maintenance, other seasons can appropriately increase the light, the leaf color will be more green and plump. Low temperature in winter, increase light, reduce watering, help to improve cold resistance. If you put it in a dark place for a long time, the plant will grow, and the leaves will become thinner and yellow, reducing the ornamental value.

4. Watering: swallow palms can be watered once every two days from spring to autumn. Avoid stagnant water in the basin. When the temperature is more than 30 ℃, the plants are dormant and semi-dormant, so watering should be controlled. At the same time, we should also do a good job of shading and cooling, spray water to the ground around the basin 2 or 3 times a day, and pay attention to ventilation. In winter, the watering times should be reduced appropriately to keep the basin soil slightly dry.

5. Fertilization: swallow cactus does not require much fertilizer and water. Liquid fertilizer used by cactus is applied once a month in spring and autumn. It is generally not fertilized in summer, and the indoor temperature is too low in winter. Potted swallow palms are generally changed every 3 to 4 years. When changing the basin in spring, compound fertilizer or rotten organic fertilizer can be added as base fertilizer.

Swallow palms can be completely eliminated by chemical control after being attacked by insect pests. In fact, it can be avoided before, if you use some garlic, soap and so on. After mastering the breeding method of swallow palm, it is relatively simple, and it needs to strengthen management in the later stage, so as to ensure its survival rate.