Analysis on the reasons for the non-flowering of Evening Jade

Evening fragrant jade is what we often call evening incense, because the ornamental value of evening fragrant jade is very high, and its characteristic of blooming at night is also loved by flower friends. However, in the process of raising evening fragrant jade, many friends often encounter the situation that evening fragrant jade does not blossom, so what are the reasons why late fragrant jade does not bloom? How should we deal with it?

Evening fragrant jade

1. Improper storage

If the late fragrant jade tubers are stored improperly in winter, damp and frozen, the main flower buds in the tubers will suffer frost injury or rot, so that they can not blossom in the coming year, although there are accessory flower buds in the tubers, the growing period will be relatively short, and the frost period will come before they have time to pull out. Therefore, if you want the evening fragrant jade to bloom, the tubers should be fully dried and stored in a dry and warm place to prevent the main flower buds from mildew and rot, and should be planted as early as possible and harvested as late as possible.

Second, it is too early to dig the ball.

The early digging time is also the reason why the late fragrant jade does not blossom, because the early digging affects the formation of flower buds in the tuber, so it can not blossom in the second year, so dig the ball as late as possible without suffering frost injury. this is one of the measures to improve the flowering rate of late fragrant jade.

Third, the planting tuber is too small

General evening fragrant jade tuber diameter to grow to more than 2.2cm, in order to form flower buds and blossom, if the planted evening fragrant jade is a small tuber, less than 2 cm, did not reach the flowering age, late fragrant jade will not blossom. Therefore, in order to promote the flowering of the big ball, it can be planted shallowly, so that the whole terminal bud is exposed to the soil surface; in order to promote the enlargement of the ball, it should be planted deeply, and only the tip of the seedling is exposed after covering the soil.

IV. Excessive fertilization

Another main reason why late fragrant jade only grows leaves but does not blossom is due to excessive fertilizer and water, especially too much nitrogen fertilizer, which leads to excessive vegetative growth, that is, excessive growth of stems and leaves, inhibition of flower bud growth, resulting in few flowers or even no flowering. Therefore, during the vegetative growth period, the concentration of fertilization, especially the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, should be strictly controlled, which is an important technical measure to prevent late fragrant jade from growing leaves without flowering.

The reason and solution of the late fragrant jade with only long leaves but not flowering

Evening fragrant jade is what we sing about night incense and moonlight incense. Because the fragrance is particularly strong at night, it is this unique feature that people like very much. As the cultivation and florescence control of late fragrant jade is relatively easy, it is also one of the more important cut flowers. But if the evening fragrant jade only grows leaves but does not blossom, it means that there is a problem. The editor will analyze for you the reason why the evening fragrant jade only grows leaves but does not blossom and how to solve it.

Evening fragrant jade

1. The flower bud of Evening Xiangyu was formed on the bulb in the first year, and it may be planted with a small tuber, which did not reach the flowering age, so it could not blossom. Generally speaking, the diameter of the bulb of late fragrant jade should reach 2. More than 2 cm, the inflorescence primitive body has been formed in the first year, and can not blossom until planted.

2. The time of digging bulbs was too early, which affected the differentiation of flower buds in tubers, so that they could not blossom in the second year.

3. The bulb was dug too late or the tuber was stored improperly in winter, the temperature was too low, and the flower buds in the stem were damaged or rotted, and the flower buds could not blossom in the coming year.

4. Excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer leads to long stems and leaves, less flowering, and even no flowering in serious cases.

In view of the above reasons, the tuber with large tuber should be selected when planting late fragrant jade, and should be planted every year from April to May according to the needs. at the same time, less nitrogen fertilizer and more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied in management.

Comparison of cold resistance of Spider orchid, onion orchid, Lycoris radiata, Lycoris radiata, Lycoris radiata and Araneaceae by measuring the morphological and physiological indexes of the leaves of four species of Amaryllidaceae, as well as the freezing condition under low temperature simulation treatment, the difference of their cold tolerance was studied. The results showed that the order of cold resistance was as follows: onion orchid > Lycoris radiata > evening fragrant jade > spider orchid. Keywords Amaryllidaceae plant; cold resistance; morphological index; physiological index; low temperature simulated Amaryllidaceae plant has the characteristics of changeable flower shape, rich flower color, strong scape, long flower stem and so on. It has become a world-famous bulb flower and is an important ornamental plant group. In recent years, it has been concerned by relevant departments or professionals such as landscape engineering and flower cultivation. However, due to their great differences in cold resistance, many species with high ornamental value can not survive the winter safely in the Yangtze River basin and its northern areas. Therefore, the study of cold resistance among these species is of great significance to the cold resistance breeding and cultivation of Amaryllidaceae. Scholars at home and abroad have done a lot of studies on Amaryllidaceae plants from the aspects of morphology, physiological ecology, chromosome karyotype and tissue culture, but there are few reports on the changes of cold-resistant physiological substances and cold resistance in leaves. In this paper, the morphological and physiological and biochemical indexes related to cold resistance of four species of Amaryllidaceae cultivated in the Yangtze River valley were determined and analyzed, and their cold resistance was determined by low temperature simulation test. in order to judge the cold resistance of the four plants and provide a reference basis for the introduction and cultivation of these four plants. 1 Materials and methods 1. 1 the tested materials were Zephyranthes candida Herb., Lycoris radiata Traub., Polianthes tuberosa L. And Hymenocallis Americana Salisb., which were planted in the Botanical Garden of the west campus of Changjiang University. The growth environmental conditions of four species of Amaryllidaceae, such as light, water and soil fertility, are consistent and grow well. 1.2 Test method 1.2.1 determination of morphological and physiological indexes of cold resistance. In mid-December 2007, the normal leaves of the second layer of the peripheral plants of four kinds of plants were randomly picked in the botanical garden. After picking, it is wrapped in damp gauze, packed in a sealed plastic bag and brought back to the laboratory. Rinse with tap water and distilled water respectively, and dry the washed leaves with gauze or absorbent paper for use. (1) observation of leaf morphological index. Take the middle segment of the leaf and slice it transversely. Use OLYMPUS PM-PBM- 3 optical microscope to observe at 10 × 10 times. The thickness of palisade tissue, spongy tissue and lower compact tissue on the cross section of leaves was measured with eyepiece micrometer, and the cell structure compactness (CTR) was calculated. Each species was repeated for 10 times. CTR (%) = (palisade tissue + lower compact tissue) / leaf thickness × 100 (2) physiological index of cold resistance. The contents of free water and bound water, proline content, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and peroxidase (POD) activity were determined. 1.2.2 simulated frost injury test at low temperature. Leaf preparation: the leaves were picked according to the above sampling method in the afternoon of December 17, 2007, dried and refrigerated in the refrigerator for 24 hours. First remove the head and tail of the prepared leaves with scissors, then cut the long segments of 2cm, and mix well. Randomly place the fragments in a petri dish, cover and shake, spread out 5 pieces per petri dish, and each plant is treated with 5 petri dishes at low temperature. Then artificial simulated freezing injury treatment was carried out. The set low temperatures are 0 ℃,-5 ℃,-7 ℃,-9 ℃ and so on (the temperature change is ±1 ℃). Each petri dish was randomly put into a low temperature incubator (model: Haier Aerospace Frequency conversion refrigerator, Prince BCD-209BC ZA of Color Crystal), and the temperature was cooled gradually. When the required freezing temperature was reached, it was maintained for 1 hour. At the end of each temperature segment, take out the petri dishes treated at this stage. According to Table 1, the frost injury situation is counted and the frost injury index is calculated. Freezing injury index (%) = [(number of ∑ freeze-injured slices at all levels × corresponding representative value) / (total number of slices investigated × highest representative value of damage)] × 1002 results and analysis 2.1.The comparison of leaf cell structure showed that the mesophyll tissue of tea tree was well developed, the degree of differentiation was high, the thickness of palisade tissue was large, the layers were many, the arrangement was compact, and the small cells were the anatomical characteristics of leaves with strong cold resistance. According to Jian Lincheng et al, the cell structure of different kinds of citrus leaves was compared. The compactness of tissue structure-the index of compact tissue (the ratio of palisade tissue and lower compact tissue thickness to leaf thickness) was positively correlated with the cold resistance of citrus species. After studying the relationship between cell structure compactness and cold resistance of litchi leaves, she Wenqin et al considered that the determination of leaf cell density (CTR) reflected the relationship among palisade tissue, spongy tissue and lower compact tissue, which was more accurate and easier to observe than the quantitative changes of single substance or single structure. It can be seen from Table 2 that the difference of leaf cell density of onion orchid, Lycoris radiata and evening fragrant jade is small, but all are significantly higher than that of spider orchid. 2.2 comparison of physiological indexes of cold resistance of leaves 2.2.1 comparison of leaf water content of four species of Amaryllidaceae. Water in plant tissue exists in two different states: free water and bound water. The relative content of free water and bound water can be used as an important index of metabolic activity and stress resistance of plant tissue. It is generally believed that the greater the proportion of bound water, the more cold-resistant plants. Jin Yanming and others also found that the ratio of bound water to free water can well identify the cold resistance of different varieties. When the ratio of bound water to free water is low, the metabolic activity of plant tissue or organ is exuberant, the growth is faster, and the resistance is weak; on the contrary, the growth is slower, but the resistance is stronger. As can be seen from Table 3, the order of the ratio of bound water to free water is as follows: onion orchid > Lycoris radiata > evening fragrant jade and spider orchid, in which there is a very significant difference between green onion orchid and the other three kinds, and there is a significant difference between Lycoris radiata and evening fragrant jade and spider orchid, but there is no significant difference between late fragrant jade and spider orchid. 2.2.2 comparison of proline content in leaves of four species of Amaryllidaceae. Under stress conditions, the content of proline in plants increased significantly, proline content in plants to some extent reflects the stress resistance of plants, high and low proline content can also be used as a physiological index of cold resistance. The higher the proline content, the stronger the cold resistance of the plant; on the contrary, the weaker it is. It can be seen from Table 3 that the proline content of onion orchid and Lycoris radiata is significantly higher than that of spider orchid, but there is no significant difference between onion orchid and late fragrant jade, and there is no significant difference between late fragrant jade and spider orchid. 2.2.3 comparison of malondialdehyde (MDA) content in leaves of four species of Amaryllidaceae. Prolonging the time of low temperature or strengthening the degree of low temperature stress destroyed the balance between the production and scavenging of free radicals, decreased the activity of enzymes and the content of antioxidants (Vc), destroyed the defense mechanism, intensified membrane lipid peroxidation and accumulated malondialdehyde (MDA). The study on the cold tolerance of apricot flower organs showed that the MDA content increased with the decrease of temperature, which was consistent with the starting point and inflection point temperature of the increase of plasma membrane permeability. It was found that the MDA content of cold-resistant varieties was lower than that of cold-resistant varieties under low temperature stress. This shows that the content of MDA, the main product of membrane lipid peroxidation, is negatively correlated with cold resistance. It can be concluded from Table 3 that the MDA content of spider orchid and evening fragrant jade is significantly higher than that of Lycoris radiata and onion orchid, but there is no significant difference between Lycoris radiata and onion orchid, spider orchid and evening fragrant jade. 2.2.4 comparison of peroxidase (POD) activity in leaves of four species of Amaryllidaceae. In the study of the relationship between oxidase activity and cold resistance of grape, Wang Shujie et al analyzed the POD activity of four grape varieties with different cold resistance. It was pointed out that the POD activity of grape varieties with different cold resistance was different, and the oxidase activity of varieties with strong cold resistance was high and changed slowly with the decrease of temperature, while the enzyme activity of poor cold resistance was low and changed violently with the decrease of temperature. Table 3 shows that there are extremely significant differences between onion orchid and other three plants; there are also extremely significant differences between Lycoris radiata and spider orchid, but there are significant differences between late fragrant jade and late fragrant jade, and there is no significant difference between late fragrant jade and spider orchid. 2.3 comparison of cold resistance of four species of Amaryllidaceae under simulated low temperature by using low temperature simulation test, the cold resistance of four species of Amaryllidaceae can be compared intuitively. In this experiment, the freezing injury indexes of four kinds of plants were observed and counted at 4 temperatures (0 ±1 ℃,-5 ℃,-7 ℃,-9 ℃) (see Table 4). It is known that spider orchid has been frozen at about 0 ℃, while that of other plants is 0, which is significantly different from that of other plants. When the temperature dropped to-7 ℃, the freezing injury index of late fragrant jade was also significantly higher than that of Lycoris radiata and onion orchid, but there was no significant difference between Lycoris radiata and onion orchid at-9 ℃. From this, it can be inferred that the anti-freezing ability of the four plants is as follows: onion orchid and Lycoris radiata > evening fragrant jade > spider orchid. Conclusion the cold resistance of four species of Amaryllidaceae can be basically judged by the measurement and analysis of their morphological and physiological indexes and low temperature simulation test. the order of cold resistance is as follows: onion orchid > Lycoris radiata > evening fragrant jade > spider orchid. 4 references [1] Yu Benqi, Zhou Shoubiao, Luo Qi, et al. Prospect of medicinal and ornamental utilization of Lycoris [J]. Wild Plant Resources in China, 2006. 25 (2): 29-32. [2] interfascicular forest. 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[8] Wang Fei, Wang Hua, Chen Dengwen, et al. Study on Cold tolerance of Flower organs of Apricot varieties [J]. Journal of Horticulture, 1999. 26 (6): 356-359. [9] Wang Shujie, Wang Jiamin, Li Yadong, et al. Study on the relationship between Oxidase activity and Cold Resistance of Grape [J]. Journal of Jilin Agricultural University, 1996 18 (2): 35-38. Note: please read the full text of the original text in PDF format for the charts, notes and formulas involved in this article.