Propagation and Pest Control and cultivation techniques of Purple Leaf Plum in Northern Jiangsu Province

Propagation and Pest Control and cultivation techniques of Purple Leaf Plum in Northern Jiangsu Province

Planting and cultivation

Planting environment purple leaf plum Xiguang, should be planted in sufficient light, do not plant in the shade and under the tree, lack of light is not only poor plant growth, but also green leaves. Purple leaf plum is resistant to drought and humidity, but not resistant to stagnant water. it can grow normally when planted in high dry places and poor in low-lying places. Purple leaf plum does not have strict requirements on soil, likes fertile, moist neutral or acidic sandy loam, is also resistant to mild saline-alkali soil, and can grow normally in mild saline-alkali soil with a pH value of 8.8 and salt content of 0.2%. More hardy, but should also be planted in the leeward to the sun as far as possible, not in the tuyere. Purple leaf plum leaves are purplish red, planting should be careful not to follow the color, color differences can show beautiful leaf color.

Water and fertilizer purple leaf plum likes the humid environment. In addition to watering the three water, the newly planted seedlings should also be watered 1 or 2 times in April, May, June and September. There is plenty of rainfall in July and August. If it is not too dry, it can not be watered. Rain Water should also be drained in time to prevent water rotting roots, fully watered and sealed in the first and middle of November, and in the management of the second year, it should also be in early March. Water was watered once in April, May, June, September and mid-early November. From the third year on, you only need to pour enough thawing water and frozen water every early spring and early winter to ensure natural growth in a reliable day. It should be noted that watering must be controlled in autumn to prevent large water from causing branches to grow and suffer frost damage in winter.

Purple leaf plum like fertilizer, in addition to planting at the bottom of the pit to apply an appropriate amount of mature fermented ring fertilizer, and then every year before pouring frozen water can be applied some farm manure, so that the plant growth is exuberant and the leaves are bright. It should be noted that although purple leaf plum likes fertilizer, it only needs to apply fertilizer once a year at the end of autumn, and it should be appropriate. If the number of fertilization is too much or the amount of fertilizer is too large, it will make the leaves dark and not bright, and reduce the ornamental value. In addition, in fertilization, pay attention not to partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, if the amount of nitrogen fertilizer is too large, not only seedlings greedy green, easy to suffer from diseases and insect pests, but also affect the color of plant leaves, leaves green, ornamental effect is not good.

Pruning type in northern Jiangsu, the best tree shape of purple leaf plum is evacuation stratification. This kind of tree crown is open and compact, and the trunk is obvious, and the main branches are scattered. The plastic surgery of purple leaf plum is generally divided into 4 years. The pruning of the first year is carried out after planting. The stem height is about 0.8m ~ 1.2m, the first bud under the shearing mouth is used as the main branch extension, and 3 ~ 4 sturdy new branches are selected under the first bud as the main branch. The branches should be evenly distributed, but not in the same track, but the upper and lower 5cm should not be different, and should be carried out upward at an angle of 45 °. After the main branch is selected, it should be properly picked during the growing period to promote its sturdiness. In the second year of winter pruning, the trunk should be truncated properly, the strong buds should be selected, and the buds should be truncated at the 1cm. The direction of the buds should be opposite to that of the trunk branches in the previous year, and the main branches should also be shortened to leave stout buds. The direction of the trunk extension branch in the third year winter pruning is opposite to that in the second year, and the second layer of main branch is selected, and the outer bud is also retained. After growing up, it is scattered with the main branch of the second year, and the third layer of main branch is selected according to this method in the fourth year.

In practical work, the natural happy shape is also widely used. The pruning method is as follows: after planting, the seedlings are cut short at the dry height of 0.5 ~ 1m, so that the main branches are not extended, only 3 ~ 5 new branches are selected as the main branches, and the distribution of the main branches should be roughly uniform, and the opening angle should be 45 °. Then prune the main branches year by year according to the method of open and layered pruning. Although this tree shape is not as beautiful as the evacuation dispersion type, it is better than the evacuation hierarchical tree crown in permeability and ornamental effect.

It is worth mentioning that no matter what kind of tree shape it is, when pruning the main branches of each layer, a certain number of side branches should be retained appropriately to make the crown full but not hollow. only dense branches, drooping branches, overlapping branches, crossed branches and dead branches need to be cut off every year.

Pest control

The main pests of purple leaf plum are red spiders, diamondback moths, cloth bag moths, leaf hoppers, aphids, shell insects, and so on. 1000 times of triclofenac EC can be used to kill red spiders, 1000 times of Bt emulsion can be used to kill spiders and cloth bag moths, 10% imidacloprid 1500 times will be used to kill shell insects and leafhoppers, and 1500 times of shovel aphids can be used to kill aphids.

Purple leaf plum has strong disease resistance, and the common disease is bacterial perforation, which is common and harmful. The disease will not only affect the normal growth and ornamental effect of the plant, but also lead to the death of the diseased plant. Prevention and treatment: reasonable pruning is beneficial to ventilation and light transmission of the plant. Pay attention to the control of prickly sucking pests such as aphids and shell insects. Strengthen the management of water and fertilizer, avoid stagnant water in planting holes, pay attention to nutritional balance in fertilization, and pay special attention to the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Spray 5 Baomedo stone sulfur mixture or 1: 1: 100 Bordeaux solution before spring germination to eliminate the source of bacteria. Spraying 95% carbendazim or 15% streptomycin wettable powder 500 times every 10 days for 3-4 times can effectively control the disease.

Multiplication

The leaves of purple-leaf plum seedlings mostly turn green and generally adopt asexual propagation. The common propagation methods are budding method, high-altitude pressing method and cutting method.

Budding rootstocks can use the seedlings of peach, plum, plum, apricot, mountain apricot, hairy peach and purple leaf plum. In comparison, peach rootstocks grow vigorously and the leaves are purple and green, but they are afraid of waterlogging. Plum rootstocks are more resistant to waterlogging, apricot and plum have a longer life, but they are also afraid of waterlogging. Hairy peach is the most commonly used in northern Jiangsu.

Grafting rootstocks generally choose two-year-old seedlings, it is best to do rootstock culture, before grafting should be cut short, leaving only the stump of 5 ~ 7cm on the surface, in mid-late June, the buds should be fixed on the branches selected in advance as scions, and the buds should be plump, fat, free of dry tips and insect pests. With a sterilized bud grafting knife, the xylem was obliquely cut upward at an angle of 30 °under the bud position 2cm until the bud position 1cm, then cut 1 knife across the 1cm on the bud position, gently removed the grafted buds, and then cut a T-shaped incision on the bark with the knife at the 3cm of the rootstock from the ground, so that the grafted buds and rootstocks were closely combined, and then tied up with plastic tape. After grafting, the bud did not wilt in about 7 days, indicating that it has survived, and the plastic belt can be removed in about 25 days.

High-altitude pressing strip

① branch selection. The branches with strong tree potential and no diseases and insect pests should be selected. The diameter of branches is generally 1 ~ 2cm, and the 2 ~ 4-year-old branches are the best.

② striping operation. The crimping is carried out from the middle of April to the middle of May. Two scratches are engraved with a grafting knife on the crimping strip with a spacing of about 1.5cm, and then the epidermis between the scratches is girdled, immediately covered with a plastic bag, and tied to death in the lower part of the notch. Then put the adjusted sandy loam mud into the plastic bag, squeeze it into a ball, and wrap the ring in the middle of the mud ball. Then fasten the mouth of the plastic bag.

③ post-management. After the plastic bag is sealed, it should be checked frequently to see if the mud ball is dry and hard. If the soil ball is soft, it shows that the dressing effect is better and the soil water content is higher. After about 45 days, the wound can heal and begin to take root. after the leaves fall at the end of autumn, the strips will be cut in the lower part of the mud ball, cut open the plastic bag and then transplant. If the dryness indicates that there is a leak in the plastic bag, use a syringe to inject water immediately and cover another plastic bag outside the original plastic bag.

Cuttage

The preparation work before cutting can be carried out from mid-late October to early November, but the cutting should be finished before the soil is frozen. The nursery bed should be located in the sunlight shed with grass or heat preservation quilt [Yoshama Huayao].

The nursery bed should be prepared half a month before cutting, generally made into a flat bed, the soil should be sandy loam, and the rotten fermented cow and horse manure should be applied before the bed, the dosage is 600 ~ 800kg per mu, the soil and fertilizer should be mixed well, after raking, 40% pentachloronitrate basic particles should be fully mixed with the soil for disinfection, the dosage is 7 ~ 8g/m 2, and the plastic sheet should be covered after disinfection.

The cuttings should be disease-free and pest-free, with a diameter of 0.5 ~ 1cm and a high degree of Lignification. The cuttings should be cut into 12~15cm, the lower cut into horseshoe shape, the upper cut should be smooth, 1 ~ 1.5cm from the bud, and the cuttings should be bound into a bundle, soaked in 50ppm indole butyric acid solution for 24 hours, then taken out and set aside.

At first, the cuttings were drilled with bamboo sticks on the seedling bed, and the row spacing was 10cm × 10cm. After drilling, the cuttings could be cut at the depth of 3 ~ 4 buds exposed. Water once immediately after cutting.

After cuttage management, the temperature in the greenhouse should not be lower than 5 ℃. On a sunny day, the heat preservation quilt or grass quilt should be opened at about 9: 30 a.m. to increase light with high temperature, and the mulch should be put down after 4 o'clock in the afternoon to keep warm.

The seedlings were watered again in the middle of March, and the seedlings were properly ventilated when the greenhouse temperature was high at noon. In mid-April, take off the greenhouse film, spray 0.5% urea solution on the leaves once to enhance the growth, and then apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer every 45 days or so, and water according to the soil moisture, so that the soil can be kept at more than half of the soil moisture, and the fertilization can be stopped before the end of August. The following spring can be transplanted into the nursery for cultivation.