Techniques of Seedling, planting and fertilization of Chimonanthus chinensis

Techniques of Seedling, planting and fertilization of Chimonanthus chinensis

Seedling management of 1-grid wood

1.1 budding treatment

After the start of the work of raising seedlings and planting, it is necessary to ensure that the budding work can meet the actual planting needs. In order to improve the germination rate to a certain extent, it is necessary to use hot water (90 ℃) to soak the seeds. After placing it in hot water, make sure that the volume of seed and hot water can be maintained at the ratio of 1 ∶ 3. After it is cooled and placed for 24 hours, the seed has already absorbed enough water to expand. If there is not enough place to absorb water, soak in hot water repeatedly until it expands. After sieving treatment, rinse repeatedly with the help of clean water, remove the colloid structure on the surface, and place it in a ventilated and backlit place for centralized germination treatment. Every day, about 38 ℃ of warm water is used for flushing management, and the germination rate is more than 90%.

1.2 raising seedlings in the field

The flat area should be selected as the nursery before the start of the seedling management project, and the soil should be fertile and the drainage system should be maintained well. It is mainly with the help of the way of raising seedlings in high bed, so the height of seedling bed is 25cm, the width is about 1m, and the step width is about 40cm. In the process of raising seedlings, it is necessary to ensure the fine degree of soil preparation, effectively complete the treatment of comprehensive deep turning and keep the broken soil evenly, and ensure that the standardized operation can be realized after the effective treatment of weeds. It should be noted that the seedbed should be disinfected with formalin solution with a concentration of 40%, covered with film, and the film should be removed and organic base fertilizer applied 3-4 days before sowing. At present, strip-on-demand is more common, row spacing is about 25cm, plant spacing is about 15cm, it is appropriate to insert soil layer 0.3cm to 0.5cm, and cover soil 1cm after sowing.

1.3 raising seedlings in nutrient bags

The preparation of nutritious soil is a widely used measure in recent years to ensure that its texture is loose, it should be rich in nutrients, and has good permeability, and the matrix should have the ability to preserve fertilizer and water. The basic elements include 55% yellow soil, 10% fine river sand, 33% burning soil and 2% calcium superphosphate, etc. To ensure that the particle diameter can be controlled below 0.5cm, one seed should be sowed in each bag, after covering the nutritious soil, the soil on both sides should be managed and watered effectively.

1.4 selection of sowing time

In order to effectively improve the effectiveness of sowing, it is necessary to effectively select the sowing time, improve the management and control measures, and ensure the optimization of the effect. The sowing season usually chooses winter sowing or spring sowing. The former should be sowed before the beginning of December, while the latter should be sowed at the beginning of March. Both of them should be covered with plastic film to ensure that the temperature and humidity can be effectively controlled. For example, in this paper, the seedling height and ground diameter of seedlings were investigated at the beginning of June, and the seedling height and ground diameter of spring sowing seedlings were compared and analyzed. The yield of winter sowing time and spring sowing time was significantly higher than that of spring sowing time. The main reason is that the winter sowing seedlings have formed a better adaptability in the low temperature environment, and the cold resistance has been significantly improved, which effectively enhanced the Lignification degree of latticewood, and the resistance of the whole seedling is more prominent. Based on this, it is generally chosen to sow seeds in winter in the process of planting.

1.5 rational control of diseases and insect pests

1.5.1 Disease control

In order to ensure the actual effect level of lattice wood planting, it is necessary to carry out centralized treatment and control of stunting disease. After the emergence of quenching disease, water-like disease spots will appear in the rhizome of the plant, and expand rapidly until the death of the whole plant, and there will be a white mycelial structure in the necrotic position, accompanied by an unpleasant smell. For stunting disease, to establish a drug control mechanism, it is necessary to centrally disinfect the soil before sowing, mainly using formalin with a concentration of 40%. In the process of soaking seeds, the carbendazim of 2g/L should be used to treat, and the soaking time should be controlled at about 30min, while in the seedling stage, carbendazim and mancozeb should also be used, or the seedlings should be sprayed with chlorothalonil, and the concentration should be controlled at 1.33g/L.

1.5.2 Pest control

The more common pest is Spodoptera litura, which should be sprayed with dimethoate solution of 1g/L, and the interval should be controlled at 7 days for 30 days.

2 lattice wood planting management

2.1 planting techniques

In the process of the application of planting technology, it is necessary to systematically manage seedlings and effectively implement standardized planting management and control.

(1) Seedling management. In order to carry out insecticidal sterilization and disinfection before the seedlings come out of the nursery, and effectively deal with the grading acceptance items, the seedlings of two years or more years old are the first choice, not only to ensure that the seedlings are sturdy, but also to have requirements for the specific seedling height, keeping it between 40~70cm and ground diameter between 0.4~1.0cm. The seedlings should be arranged neatly when they are transported, the transportation time should be shortened timely and as much as possible, excessive extrusion should be avoided when transporting light-based seedlings, and the seedlings should be stacked and protected along the nursery bed when transported to the forest land, drenched through the nutrition cup and the leaves of the seedlings.

(2) the access road in forest area should be systematically planned and dealt with. Before afforestation, woodland should make a comprehensive analysis of the road situation, open it in the middle and lower part of the hillside as far as possible, and adhere to the principle of sustainable utilization. Among the specific management parameters, the width of the roadbed is more than 3m, and the maximum longitudinal slope is less than 13%. If there are more landslides, it is necessary to ensure that the roadbed slope can be set according to the proportion of 1 ∶ 1. If the slope of the longitudinal slope is larger and the slope length is longer, the drainage ditch should be set up effectively and the culvert pipe should be concentrated for drainage.

(3) it is necessary to carry out mountain refining in Qingshan before the start of the project, remove the cutting residue, report to the relevant departments for acceptance, refine the mountain according to the relevant fire regulations, and dispose of the garbage reasonably.

(4) the project management department should systematically guide and restrict the specific digging points on the site to ensure that the digging density meets the standard. The planting density is 111 plants / mu and the plant-row spacing is 2m × 3m. The specification of the pit should ensure that the depth is maintained at 35cm and the bottom width is 30cm × 30cm.

(5) planting operation, which is very important for the management of seedling cultivation, put the seedling uphill, the planting hole is about 15cm, tear off the film bag and hold the seedling cup in the hole, take the mud above to cover the cup surface 3~5cm, so that the root is straight, and finally cover the soil and compaction.

2.2 tending measures

First of all, it is necessary to carry out reclamation belt or ridge expansion treatment. Establish differentiated management according to different situations. On the one hand, the slope is less than 30 °, and the interrow reclamation is completed about one month after planting, and the grass head is turned over without breaking the soil.

On the other hand, for the woodland with slope above 30 °, the expansion operation should be completed one month after planting, with the plant as the center, the reclamation radius as 60cm and the depth as 15cm.

Secondly, weeding in young and middle-aged forests. The annual weeding and tending should be completed before the end of October, and the time of each weeding construction should be determined according to the actual situation of the woodland. The technology of shovel between rows of ① plants should ensure that the bandwidth of the actual weeding range is 80cm, in which the top of the plant row is 40cm and the bottom is 40cm. Moreover, it is necessary to ensure that weeds, shrubs and vines in the belt can be effectively eradicated, and grass head digging should also meet the actual needs. At the same time, the growers have to cultivate the soil for the young trees. The weeds, shrubs and vines on the woodland should be dealt with in the out-of-band grass-cutting process of ②, and the root cutting should be within 20cm. ③ cutting and irrigation tending technology, the relevant growers should centrally clean up the weeds, shrubs and vines on the woodland, and ensure that cutting debris will not affect the seedlings.

Finally, the use of herbicides, comprehensive spraying at the same time, to ensure that the distance of spraying on the edge of the woodland can be controlled at a distance of 2m from the seedlings.

3 lattice wood fertilization management

In the process of the actual planting work, it is necessary to ensure that the fertilization work can meet the actual requirements.

(1) at the initial stage of planting, it is necessary to ensure that the management of base fertilizer returning to the pit is in line with the standard. The growers should spread the base fertilizer evenly into the pit, mix well and ensure that all the topsoil within the radius 70cm above the pit can be effectively broken and returned to the pit, and the actual amount of base fertilizer should be maintained at 250g per pit.

(2) the topdressing of middle and young forests should be completed before the end of June each year according to the planting requirements. The amount of fertilizer is measured to ensure that the fertilizer is uniform and sufficient to a certain extent. The whole process of on-site squatting monitoring until the end of the fertilization operation to ensure that the fertilizer is in place. It is worth mentioning that one topdressing treatment should be carried out in the second and third year of planting, and 250g compound fertilizer should be applied to each plant. Moreover, to set up the fertilizer application ditch, the depth is about 15cm, the length is about 25cm, the bottom width is about 10cm, and the soil is covered immediately after fertilization.

(3) the application of nitrogen fertilizer should be stopped in autumn, and some potash fertilizer should be given properly, which can effectively improve the Lignification degree of seedlings.