Cultivation and management techniques of cyclamen in greenhouse in the west of Liaoning Province at seedling stage

Cultivation and management techniques of cyclamen in greenhouse in the west of Liaoning Province at seedling stage

At present, cyclamen is the main variety of flowers cultivated in greenhouse in the west of Liaoning Province, with a long flowering period of up to 5 months, which coincides with traditional festivals such as Christmas, New Year's Day and Spring Festival. Cultivating strong seedlings is the basis of obtaining high quality potted flowers of cyclamen. Combined with many years of greenhouse cultivation practice, the seedling cultivation techniques of cyclamen in greenhouse in the west of Liaoning Province were summarized.

1 cultivation plan

In order to cultivate high-quality cyclamen potted flowers, we must make a good plan before cultivation, first determine the time of sale, and then determine the sowing time according to different varieties. Cyclamen with 5 to 6 flowers is generally regarded as the best time for sales, and the National Day until the Spring Festival is regarded as an important sales time.

2 seed selection

Seeds should be purchased from professional producers or breeding companies to ensure the purity and germination rate of seeds, and the seeds newly harvested in the current year are the best. The appearance characteristics of high-quality seeds: bright red color, good purity, no impurities, full particles. The number of seeds purchased is 20% to 30% more than the planned number of potted flowers. The germination test should be carried out 2 months before sowing, and if problems are found, contact the seed supplier immediately to avoid delay in production.

3 sowing time

It depends on the growth period, market time and climatic conditions of the variety. If the market date is scheduled for New Year's Day and Spring Festival, the general large flower varieties should be in October, the first generation hybrid varieties (large flower type) can be sown in late November, and the medium and small ones can be postponed for 1 ~ 2 months. When sowing early, the plant type obtained is large, and the florescence is correspondingly advanced.

4 pre-broadcast preparation

4.1 substrates and cultivation containers

The pH value of the substrate was kept between 6.0and 6.5.The formula of the substrate was ∶ vermiculite ∶ perlite ∶ mature sheep manure ∶ compound fertilizer = 5 ∶ 4 ∶ 1 ∶ 1.0 ∶ 0.1.

Substrate disinfection methods: (1) Steam disinfection: heating the substrate to 80 ~ 90 ℃ with steam for 1 h could kill almost all pests and weeds in the soil. (2) the method of chemical disinfection: 2000 times can be used. Potassium permanganate and 1 ∶ phoxim solution were evenly mixed with spray substrate, and then covered with plastic sheet and sealed for 5 ~ 7 days. (3) the used sowing apparatus should be soaked and disinfected in 2000 times potassium permanganate solution before use. The seedling tray was used in the sowing container and the tissue culture seedlings were planted directly in the pot.

4.2 greenhouse disinfection

Every 100 m ~ 3 greenhouse space was divided into several small piles with 100 g sulfur powder and 350 g sawdust, ignited and fumigated. It can also be sprayed with 1 000 times thiophanate methyl.

4.3 seed treatment

Soak the seeds in 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 24 h, or soak the seeds in 35-40 ℃ warm water for 24 h, and soak the seeds in 1000 times carbendazim solution for 1 h.

5 sowing

The sowing time is determined by the time when the finished flower is on the market and the growth period of the variety, and the influence of environmental conditions on its growth rate should also be taken into account. The best sowing time is from October to January of the second year, the best sowing temperature is 18 ~ 22 ℃, and the air humidity is 75 ~ 85%. The seeds were sown on the acupoint plate (288,128 points), and the seed was sown according to the acupoint. The thickness of covering soil was 1.5 ~ 2 times of the seed thickness, generally 0.3 ~ 0.4 cm. It can be covered with vermiculite, and the soaking plate method is used to make the matrix absorb enough water after sowing. The seedling tray is covered with black plastic, the temperature is controlled at 15 ~ 28 ℃, and the air humidity is 65% ~ 85%. Always check the humidity of the seedling tray and replenish water in time if it is dry.

6 Seedling stage management

The seedling was divided into four stages: germination stage, seedling emergence stage, seedling growth stage and seedling refining stage.

6.1 budding stage

The humidity required in the budding period is more than 90%. In the early stage of germination, seed expansion and germination need a lot of water. Generally, vermiculite covering the surface of the seed can effectively retain the moisture of the matrix. If placed in the germination chamber, intermittent water spraying can be used to increase air humidity. The seedling plate can also be wrapped in black film to play a role in heat preservation. When the humidity is less than 50%, the seed will dormant again. Dark environment is required in this period. Because cyclamen seed germination requires a dark condition, the seeding plate or bed after sowing is generally covered with black plastic sheeting to avoid light and moisturize at the same time. The optimum temperature is 18 ~ 20 ℃. The high temperature above 30 ℃ will hinder the germination, the germination will be delayed when the temperature is below 15 ℃, and the germination will stop below 10 ℃. There is no need to apply fertilizer at this stage, and the EC value of substrate should be in the range of 0. 5 ~ 0. 75. From 14 days after sowing, the radicle appeared every day. Generally, after 21-25 days, cyclamen seeds formed a small mung bean-sized bulb and grew a root. When there are 50%... 60% of the seeds sprouted out of the soil surface, moved out of the germination chamber into the greenhouse to see light, and entered the seedling stage.

6.2 emergence stage

The substrate should be kept moist during seedling emergence to prevent plants from drying up and facilitate cotyledons to grow out of the soil. At this time, the seed coat still covers the cotyledons, and if the air temperature is lower than 80%, the seed coat is difficult to detach from the cotyledons, and more than 90% humidity is conducive to the peeling of cotyledons and seed coats. In order to increase the humidity of the air, air spray can be used to increase the humidity of the air, or a small arch shed can be set up above the seedbed and covered with agricultural film, which is conducive to moisturizing or covered with new non-woven cloth. At the same time, attention should be paid to spraying to prevent and cure sudden collapse and blight. In terms of temperature management, the suitable temperature is 18 ~ 20 ℃, the temperature should not be too high, the strong light and high temperature at noon should be shaded, and the temperature should be heated below 10 ℃, which is beneficial to the healthy growth of seedlings. Just from the germination room into the greenhouse or remove the black plastic sheeting in the greenhouse, should gradually see the light, generally use noon sunshade, sooner or later uncover. After the cotyledons are fully expanded, 50% of the cotyledons can be applied with soilless substrate. 75 mg/L calcium nitrate, once a week. When the cotyledons unfold, they enter the initial stage of seedling growth.

6.3 the initial stage of seedling growth

When the cotyledons are fully expanded and the first true leaf appears, 75 ~ … 100 mg/L ammonia nitrogen fertilizer and calcium saltate were applied alternately, once every 7 ~ 10 days. Ammonia nitrogen fertilizer can promote leaf growth, while calcium fertilizer can make plants stronger. If the growth is too fast and the leaves are too tender, the application amount of ammonia nitrogen fertilizer can be reduced. When cyclamen leaves grow 2-3 true leaves, pour the seedlings into 50 or 70 burrow plates. When the humidity is 80% ~ 85%, overdrying the substrate will cause the seedlings to go dormant. The daytime temperature is 18 ~ 20 ℃ and the night temperature is 15 ~ 16 ℃. The light intensity is generally 5000 ~ 25000 lx. After the seedlings come out, the light will be strengthened gradually, with high temperature and high humidity in the daytime. Lack of sunshine will cause excessive growth of leaves, weak petiole and prone to quenching disease. The seedlings are tolerant to low temperature, but when the low temperature occurs for a long time (about 5 ℃), the leaves are often purple and red and the growth stops. When the third true leaf of the seedling fully unfolds, it enters the seedling refining stage.

6.4 Refining seedling stage

The daytime temperature is 18-20 ℃, the night temperature is 15-16 ℃, and the humidity is 70-80%. The compound fertilizer N ∶ P ∶ K2O 20 ∶ 20 ∶ 20 was applied once a week with light intensity of 35 000 lx. At this stage, the leaves will completely cover the whole hole, but it does not extend to other holes, and the root system can firmly support the plant. Properly control moisture, strengthen light, and refine seedlings. Nutrition diagnostic criteria of cyclamen seedling stage: the leaves are dark green and glossy and grow well; if the leaves are dark red, they need to increase nutrition.

After careful seed selection and purchase, reasonable matrix formula and good seedling management, the strong seedling rate can generally reach more than 80%, laying a good foundation for the production of high-quality potted flowers.