High-yield cultivation techniques of papaya in Yilong County

High-yield cultivation techniques of papaya in Yilong County

1 Garden site selection and planting

Papaya has a strong adaptability, does not need good soil and water conditions, so in the selection of garden, often will not put forward too high requirements. However, if you want to obtain sufficient economic benefits for the purpose of operation, you should consider the depth of the soil layer and the degree of soil fertility when choosing the garden.

In the establishment of the garden, it is necessary to have a full understanding of the actual local situation, and then choose the right variety. Although papaya is more suitable for self-pollination, the fruit setting rate of various varieties is not high after pollination. Therefore, in order to enhance economic benefits, pollination trees must be planted at the right time during production. Under normal circumstances, the ratio between main planting and pollination is 4:1. If you want to make it easy to manage, it is best to let pollination trees travel independently. The tree body of papaya is not high, and the planting density on the slope can be 3m × 4m.

2 soil and fertilizer management

2.1 soil management

If the papaya garden adopts intensive management, then the soil will usually be improved by deep ploughing. Before autumn, use base fertilizer, dig a large hole about 1.2m away from the tree in the 80~120cm range in length and depth between 40m and 60m, then use organic fertilizer, weeds, etc., mix them together according to 2:1:2, then blend them all into the ground and put enough soil into the ground. In the second year, we will dig a large hole with a depth of 40m to 60m around the expert tree, and put weeds in it. Wait for 3 years after 4 years, then expand to the vicinity and turn deeply.

2.2 fertilization

Autumn is the main season for the use of base fertilizer. In winter, the young trees can also cover the grass. The main reason for using base fertilizer in autumn is to ensure that the soil temperature can meet the ideal requirements, so that the capillaries of the plough layer will not freeze, and winter drought can be avoided. Topdressing should be taken up to 4 times a year. The first time is pre-flowering fertilizer, and appropriate watering should be carried out, and in the selection of fertilizer, it is best to apply quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer, and the amount of topdressing should be kept within the range of 100g to 200g; the second topdressing is called fruit expansion fertilizer, and in the selection of fertilizer, it is best to choose ternary compound fertilizer to keep the amount of topdressing at 250g, and if there are sufficient conditions, it is best to apply 0.3% urea solution on the leaf.

(3) Disease and pest control

3.1 Flower rot

Flower rot is a disease caused by flower rot fungi infecting petals of camellias. It can cause damage to leaves and young fruits. If the leaves are infected by germs, they will get flower rot within 2-3 days. The edge of the leaf has a small spot, which forms a radial shape after slowly spreading, and moves along the vein to the petiole, then reaches the base of the diseased leaf, and finally causes the petiole to rot. The symptoms of flower rot include: the flower bud occurs as soon as it appears, while the diseased flower is mainly yellowish brown and slowly withered; when the leaf rot slowly approaches the base of the petiole, the hyphae will approach the direction of the flower stalk, resulting in the rot of the flower and pedicel. If the infected young fruit is as big as a peanut, then the fruit surface will show brown disease spots, which will lead to the decay of the young fruit. Prevention and control measures: when the disease occurs, it is necessary to clean up diseased leaves, diseased flowers and so on. In summer and autumn, burn all the fallen leaves, prune them in winter, and clean up all the diseased branches. Before sprouting, 5 °stone-sulfur mixture should be sprayed, and stone-sulfur mixture should also be sprayed after leaf spreading and flower bud stage, and the dosage should be kept in the range of 0.4 ~ 0.5.

3.2 Brown spot

Brown spot is a fungal disease mainly caused by Rhizoctonia solani. Brown spots will appear in the leaves at first. If the degree of damage is large, then it will cause a lot of disease spots to combine together, and eventually form large spots. Prevention and control measures: in winter, get rid of all the fallen leaves in the orchard. If the leaf surface is sick, then 70% should be sprayed with 800 times carbendazim wettable powder.

3.3 large pocket moth

Plutella xylostella is a kind of insect pest with various feeding habits. If it reaches a certain amount, it will cause damage to the young fruit. Prevention and control measures: remove overwintering insect cysts. For larvae that are still in the incubator, spray 50% dichlorvos EC 800 times on the leaves. For the larvae at the occurrence stage, BT biological insecticides should be sprayed on the leaves.

3.4 Copper Green Beetle

The larvae in the occurrence period will mainly cause damage to the petals and buds. The main prevention and control measures are as follows: phototaxis should be used to capture the adults in the occurrence period, while the adults in the occurrence period should be sprayed with 1500 times of omethoate on the leaves.