The necessity and causes of afforestation and land preparation and afforestation techniques

The necessity and causes of afforestation and land preparation and afforestation techniques

1 the necessity and reasons of afforestation and land preparation

In order to make a large amount of land suitable for planting plants, afforestation and land preparation is a prerequisite for artificial improvement of soil environment, seed germination and creation of a good growth environment. Brown soil is the main forestry soil in Shanxi Province, with an area of 3.147 million mu. Mainly distributed in Wutai, Taihang, Luliang, Taiyue, Zhongtiao and other secondary forests or residual forest areas. It is the soil developed under the cover of coniferous forest or coniferous broad-leaved forest. the elevation increases from south to north, and it is widely distributed on the shady slope or semi-sunny slope of Zhongshan from 1700m to 2400m, the upper limit is connected with mountain meadow soil, and then leaching. The main vegetation is spruce, Pinus tabulaeformis, larch, Platycladus orientalis and other trees, shrubs are forsythia, cloves, branches and yellow thorn rose, as well as moss and other herbs. There is a thick litter layer on the surface, due to lack of light in forest canopy, high temperature and rain in summer, frozen environment in winter, slow decomposition, large accumulation of organic matter, humus layer organic matter content of 715%. The soil has accumulated water for a long time, the soil is fully leached, the clenate seeps into the bottom of the soil with the water, and the infiltrated clenate is reduced to actinic acid and urimic acid, resulting in brown. Due to the leaching of a large amount of base, the excess organic acid appears in the free state, making the soil slightly acidic. The site condition is poor. For this reason, land preparation is an indispensable step and a particularly important technical measure before artificial afforestation.

(2) concrete implementation and application of afforestation and land preparation.

(1) there are usually rocks, weeds and other sundries on the general land. After soil preparation, the debris is completely removed, the soil is loose, fully exposed to the sun, and the surface temperature and low temperature rise gradually, which makes the soil thaw early in spring, which is very beneficial to the germination of seeds and the growth of seedlings.

(2) increase the average water content of land by artificial water storage. After the comprehensive cleaning and ploughing of the land preparation, the land becomes sparse and loose, the permeability is strong, the roughness of the land surface increases, and the water storage capacity is increased.

(3) using local soil exchange and soil preparation to change the soil properties of forest land and create an environment for seedlings to adapt to growth.

(4) increase the nutrients and organic matter in the soil by ripening the soil. The quality of afforestation land preparation will have a direct impact on afforestation. If the quality of soil preparation is high, the seed survival rate is high, so we must pay attention to the technical level and requirements of afforestation and land preparation.

3. Application of afforestation in practice.

Only by defining the methods of afforestation and mastering the techniques of afforestation can we have a sufficient effect on the whole ecological environment.

(1) Direct seeding afforestation: the technique of sowing and afforestation with tree seeds. The advantage of afforestation with this technique is that the method is easy and the procedure of cultivating seedlings is saved. It is very suitable for use in larger areas. However, this requires relatively high requirements for the innate environment of the soil, and for the acquired protection of seedlings. Therefore, soil preparation must be done well and soil quality must be improved before sowing. The general methods of direct seeding afforestation are: sowing, hole sowing, block sowing and sowing and so on. However, the seeds used for direct seeding must first go through processes such as disinfection and budding, so as to ensure the effectiveness of spring sowing, so as to achieve the rapid growth of seedlings, enhance drought resistance and reduce the harm of birds and animals. This technique is also called sowing afforestation.

(2) the method of planting seedlings and afforestation: it is a technique of afforestation by using a mature seedling with complete root system as a carrier. The quality of all aspects of this technology is very excellent, the demand for land is not high, the ability to resist the environment is strong, and the growth of seedlings is strong and stable. Therefore, the use of this technology, the requirements for the land itself is not strict. However, it should still be noted that when using seedling planting and afforestation techniques, it should be noted that the roots of seedlings are likely to be squeezed, deformed, damaged or lost water, so in the process of cultivation, it is necessary to do a good job and cultivate seedlings. It is precisely because planting seedlings and afforestation has less restrictions on various factors, so it is the most commonly used and widely used technology in the environment. Also known as afforestation, planting afforestation.

(3) the method of colonization and afforestation: it uses the branches, roots and other organs of trees as the carrier to carry out afforestation. This technique can fundamentally save the time and cost of cultivating seedlings. The operation is simple, the technology is easy, and the survival rate of seedlings is also very high. Young trees grow fast at the initial stage and can maintain their excellent genetic performance. However, it is limited to the afforestation land with better soil, at the same time, it will also be limited by the concentration of several trees and the number of parent trees. Because of this, this kind of technology is suitable for which kinds of trees need to be propagated nutritionally. Such as poplar, willow, pine, paulownia and bamboo [Yoshanhua Yao].

(4) Tillering afforestation: refers to the method of afforestation with tiller seedlings directly. The root tillering ability of Hippophae rhamnoides is very strong, and there are many natural tiller seedlings, especially after flat stubble, more than 5000 tillering seedlings can be produced per mu, which produces a large number of male and female seedlings for tillering afforestation. This kind of method is used in many places where seabuckthorn is grown. The specific practice method is that ∶ uses the roots of seabuckthorn forest to dig out tillering seedlings in the appropriate season, and then transports them to the forest farm for afforestation. When planting, we should pay attention to root expansion, and cover the soil firmly, so as to ensure the growth of seedlings.