Cultivation techniques of Hami Melon in greenhouse in Luosu Village, Luoyang Town

Cultivation techniques of Hami Melon in greenhouse in Luosu Village, Luoyang Town

1 improvement of greenhouse facilities

The overall maintenance of the seven greenhouses built in the original Luosu village, the arrangement of side ditches and the installation of drip irrigation facilities.

2 preparation for raising seedlings

2.1 Select the right variety and sowing date

The variety raised in our town is Xizhuomi 25, which belongs to the variety of middle and late maturity, which has strong tolerance to low temperature and weak light, compact plant type, early maturity, high quality, high yield, disease resistance and certain adaptability to high temperature. At the same time, according to the growth characteristics of the selected varieties, it was decided to sow on August 24 and harvest in the first ten days of November.

2.2 seed treatment

The dry seeds were directly sown after 24 hours of dry heat treatment with a dryer for 70 ℃. The specific operation method is as follows: wrap the cantaloupe seeds in paper or envelopes, then put them in the dryer, adjust the temperature of the dryer to 70 ℃, wait for the temperature to rise to the set temperature, and keep the set temperature for 24 hours, which can kill Fusarium wilt, vine blight and other seed-carrying bacteria. Dry heat treated seeds can be sown directly.

2.3 raising seedlings

Using the method of raising seedlings in the substrate, the standard 32-hole or 50-hole hole plate is selected, and the matrix is added to the plate, and the substrate should not be too full. The hole plate installed with the matrix is neatly put into the seedling bed and poured enough water to start sowing. After the sowing is completed, it is necessary to pour water again to maintain the suitable humidity for seedling emergence. After sowing, the temperature is controlled at 28: 30 ℃ during the day, 20: 25 ℃ at night, 8: 10 days after emergence, and the temperature is cooled in time after a large area emergence. Keep 20: 25 ℃ during the day and 15: 18 ℃ at night to prevent overgrowth, with little or no watering during this period.

2.4 Control of seedling temperature

When the temperature is high and the water evaporation is large, the construction of the seedling bed should be built with a layer of non-woven cloth at the bottom of the flat bed as a barrier from the soil. the purpose is that the soil of the seedling bed can be separated from the root of the seedling, and the second is that the non-woven cloth has the effect of permeating water. it can prevent rotting roots caused by water in the seedling bed.

3 transplanting preparation

3.1 fertilization

A large amount of high-quality farm manure was applied with 1 t of high-quality farm manure per 667m ~ 2, and appropriate amount of chemical fertilizer was used, and the depth was 2540 cm.

3.2 cultivation model

It is generally cultivated on a stand to make full use of the space. In autumn and winter, high ridges (10~15cm) must be used to cover plastic film and irrigate the bottom water.

3.3 Control of temperature and humidity

According to the different requirements of temperature and humidity for different crops and crops at different growth and development stages, variable temperature and humidity management is adopted to deal with the whole growth cycle of crops. When temperature and humidity contradict each other, humidity is mainly reduced. The main measures are ventilation and controlled watering.

3.4 Disinfection of greenhouse

Before sowing, the use of high-temperature greenhouse to kill the source of diseases and insect pests or flood irrigation for about 15 days, can also be thoroughly disinfected with chemical agents. (6) the biological characteristics of cantaloupe, high temperature crops, the lowest temperature at seedling stage is 18 ℃ 20 min. At 8 Mel 12 ℃, the growth was blocked. Deep-rooted crops can be buried at a depth of 1.5 m. When the crops are illuminated by strong light, the female flowers will appear later if the illumination time is short.

3.5 transplanting preparation

Apply base fertilizer, 1 ton of rotten sheep manure, 50 kg of compound fertilizer, 2 kg of carbendazim, shallow turning. Pour heavy water, when the ground is dry, turn the ground 35-40cm without touching the spade, cover with plastic film, and dry for 7-10 days. If there are conditions, it is best to use drip irrigation under plastic film. Sufficient water should be irrigated before planting, especially drip irrigation for more than 12 hours. Sowing or transplanting began 2-3 days after watering. After punching holes with a hole puncher, the seedlings were moved into the hole, watered and covered with soil.

3.6 Control of ground temperature and planting density

According to the need, when the ground temperature is stable above 12 ℃. In greenhouse, the ridge distance is 1.3m-1.5m, the ridge width is 50 cm, the ridge height is 10 cm, and the plant spacing is 50 cm. The seeds were sown in one row and two rows in dislocation, and the number of plants per 667 m2 was 1500 to 2000.

4 Management of Hami melon after transplanting

4.1 Water and fertilizer management

Slow seedling water after planting, less watering before flowering, more squatting seedlings, spraying foliar fertilizer at seedling stage; after flowering, in order to promote fruit setting, appropriate watering should be avoided, flood irrigation must be avoided, and the formation of fruit setting and reticulation will be affected. In general, it can be determined according to the seedling condition. if the plant obviously shows the phenomenon of water shortage (the leaves are soft at noon and there are no water droplets in the leaves and stem tips in the morning), water can be replenished properly. if there is too much water, the aboveground part grows rapidly, but the underground part grows slowly, and the plant root system is distributed shallowly, which affects the growth in the later stage. After the fruit was watered, the melon was watered reasonably according to the weather conditions, and the leaf fertilizer mainly composed of p and k was sprayed twice. 10-15 days before harvest, the moisture content was controlled, the drying was kept properly and the quality was improved.

4.2 pruning

Hami melon can grow at the end of slow seedling stage. The work of binding the vine should begin when the cantaloupe grows its fifth true leaf. The binding of the vine should be carried out in time after the vine begins to stretch. The time of binding vine should be carried out in the afternoon on a sunny day, because the water content of melon vine tissue is sufficient in the morning, it is easy to be damaged when binding vine. The vines are spirally bound, which are carried out irregularly with the growth of the vines, and are tied up as they grow until the vines grow all over the stand. When binding the vine, the lateral vine at the base of the main vine should be removed as soon as possible, so as not to increase the burden of nutrition transport of the main vine.

4.3 growth period management

After entering the extension stage, the plant of Hami melon began to grow rapidly. During this period, attention must be paid to the time and method of watering to avoid fruit cracking.

4.4 Disease and pest control

The main diseases and insect pests of Hami melon are: aphids, whitefly, Bemisia Tabaci, leaf miner, red spider, Huangshou melon; the main diseases are powdery mildew, downy mildew, vine blight and powdery mildew: the white mildew layer plaques appeared on the leaf surface or stem at first, and then increased gradually.

The manifestation of downy mildew: water stains first appeared on the leaves at the initial stage of the disease, and under wet conditions, the back of the leaves produced a black mildew layer, and then expanded into irregular polygonal chloasma. The incidence conditions of powdery mildew and downy mildew were high temperature and high humidity, and the resistance of varieties was poor. The agricultural measure is to select disease-resistant varieties to reduce the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse.

Early prevention and treatment of powdery mildew: powdery mildew can be sprayed with 1000 times of sulfur triadimefon wettable solution or 70% methyl topazine wettable powder, once every 7 days for 3 ~ 4 times, and downy mildew with aldicarb wettable powder, 72% Kelou wettable powder or 58% methyl cream manganese zinc wettable powder alternately, once every 5 days, 4 times in a row.

Vine blight mainly occurs in the fruit expansion period, the rhizome is too wet, poor soil ventilation is easy to occur, melon vine nodes appear oily spots, wet white mold layer, and secrete yellowish-brown glue.

Prevention and control measures: strengthen ventilation, keep the rhizome around dry, apply sufficient base fertilizer, strict pruning. When the disease occurs, smear the base of the stem and the infected part with 200 times of 70% methyl thiophanate wettable powder and disinfectant alum.

Aphids and whitefly can be alternately sprayed with 1500 times of imidacloprid and acetamiprid, leafminers can be sprayed with 1500 times of 10% chrysanthemum and horse EC or dimethoate, and red spiders and yellow melon can be sprayed with 4000 times of 1.8% avermectin EC. Physical control can use yellow board to control the number of insect sources in the shed.

5 timely harvest

Fruits should be harvested in time, local sales varieties, more than 90% of harvest, 80% of external transportation. Watering, the demand for water: the seedling stage should be less, the vine stage and flowering stage should be enough, the fruit expansion stage should be sufficient, and the ripening stage should be the least. Stop watering 7-10 days before harvest.

As this is a trial planting, there is a lack of technical services, resulting in low yield and affecting the quality of melons. The next step will be to strengthen the study of theoretical knowledge, combining theory with practice, and pay attention to practice. In particular, the upper vines and lateral vines of cantaloupe binding period should be followed up in a timely manner. Prevention and comprehensive control of diseases and insect pests should be taken.