Tang pear bubble gum water or bubble fruit wine eaten raw or cooked is another flavor.

Tang pear

Tang pear, also known as du pear, Tang pear branches often have thorns, deciduous trees or shrubs, up to 10m high.

Bark grayish black, dehiscing in small squares; branchlets yellowish brown to dark brown, densely gray-white tomentose when young, then gradually purplish brown; usually spiny.

Leaves alternate; leaf blade rhombic-ovate to long-ovate, long 5~8cm, broadly 3~5cm, apex acuminate, base broadly cuneate, nearly rounded, leaf margin coarsely sharply serrate, few awn tip, both surfaces glabrous or only young leaves and petioles densely gray-white tomentose; petiole long 3~4.5cm, hairy; stipules membranous, lanceolate, tomentose on both surfaces.

Umbels composed of 6-15-flowered; total pedicels and pedicels densely tomentose; flowers bisexual, actinomorphic, 1.5 × 2cm in diam.; sepals triangular-ovoid, tomentose on both sides; petals broadly ovate, apex obtuse, base with short claws, white, pink at the beginning of flowers; stamens 20; styles 2-pinnate, base minutely hairy.

Pear fruit subglobose, 0.5~1.2cm in diameter, calyx deciduous, apex not sunken, brown when ripe, with light spots on the surface; fruiting pedicel long 2~4cm, base slightly tomentose.

The flowering period is April and the fruiting period is from August to September. Tang pear is highly adaptable, light-loving, cold-tolerant, drought-resistant and waterlogging-tolerant, and is widely distributed in China, and is cultivated in North China, East China, Northwest China, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the south of Northeast China.

Morphological characteristics

Trees, to 10 m tall, crown spreading, branches often spiny; branchlets densely gray-white tomentose when young, biennial branches sparsely tomentose or subglabrous, purplish brown

Winter buds ovate, apex acuminate, outer gray tomentose.

Leaf blade rhombic-ovate to oblong-ovate, 4-8 cm long and 2.5-3.5 cm wide, apex acuminate, base broadly cuneate, nearly rounded, margin coarsely sharply serrate, upper and lower surfaces of young leaves densely covered with grayish tomentose, glabrous and shiny above old leaves, slightly tomentose or nearly glabrous below

Petiole 2-3 cm long, gray-white tomentose; stipules membranous, linear-lanceolate, ca. 2 mm, both surfaces tomentose, caducous.

Umbels with 10-15 flowers, total pedicels and pedicels gray tomentose, pedicels 2-2.5 cm long; bracts membranous, linear, 5-8 mm long, both surfaces slightly tomentose, caducous; flowers 1.5-2 cm in diameter

Calyx tube densely gray tomentose outside; sepals triangular-ovate, ca. 3 mm, apex acute, entire, inner and outer surfaces densely tomentose, petals broadly ovate, 5-8 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, apex obtuse, base with short claws.

White; stamens 20, anthers purple, ca. Half of petals; styles 2-3, base puberulent.

Fruit subglobose, 5-10 mm in diam., 2-3-loculed, brown, with pale spots, sepals deciduous, base with tomentose fruiting pedicels. The flowering period is April and the fruiting period is August-September.

Growing environment

Strong adaptability, like light, cold, drought, flood and barren can grow vigorously in neutral soil and saline-alkali soil neutral soil and saline-alkali soil.

Distribution range

It is widely distributed in China and is cultivated in North China, East China, Northwest China, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the south of Northeast China.

Harvest and processing

Pick and peel the bark in spring and dry in the sun. When the fruit is ripe in autumn, it is picked and used fresh. Pick leaves in summer for drying or fresh use. Harvest branches for drying or fresh use in the four seasons.

Chemical composition

Leaves and seedlings contain epicatechin, arbutin (arbutin) and so on. Fruit contains polysaccharides; volatile oil: the main components are 23 alkanes, 25 alkanes, 24 alkanes, 1 dioctyl diphenyl carboxylates, 28 alkanes and so on. The main component of flower volatile oil is 21 alkane and so on. The leaves contain amino acids and inorganic elements such as copper, manganese, iron and so on.

Fruit picking treatment

Picking period

At the altitude of 1 850 m, the fruit of Tang pear ripens in late September, so it is suitable to harvest yellow fruit. Yellow fruit accounts for 24.5% in late September, 62.2% in early October, and 89.3% in mid-October, which is the best picking time. In late October, there will be rain in most years, and the consequences of rain will become soft and shedding, so it is not suitable for picking.

Postharvest treatment of fruit

There are two postharvest treatment methods: (1) indoor window composting and (2) open field composting (10 ~ 20 cm thick), covered with grass and watered once every 2 to 3 days to make it rot quickly. After more than 50% of the fruit is rotten, it is mashed with a wooden stick and placed on an iron net where the hole is smaller than that of the pear fruit. While rinsing water, the seeds and pulp are washed out, and then the seeds are panned out with a plastic frame with a smaller hole than the tang pear seed. Sow the fresh seeds directly on the seedling bed. The results showed that the seeds of postharvest fruit were easy to mildew and rot, while the open-field composting method was better and the seeds would not rot.

Planting

Seedling bed treatment

Sowing in late October, watering during sowing, fine crushing of soil, building a ridge with a height of 5 cm, a width of 40 cm, a width of 1 m, a flat surface, and a depth and width of 30 cm each. Due to drought in winter, it is easy to conserve water by building ridges, and it is easy to drain water after ditching. Two treatments were set up: (1) the seedling bed was sunburned, and the seedling bed was dug in late September, and (2) the seedling bed was not sunburned, and the seeds were dug and sown in the last ten days of October. The results show that the seedlings emerge well in the sun on the seedling bed and will not die. The emergence of seedlings without sun exposure on the seedling bed is not good, and the seedlings gradually die at the beginning of January of the following year, and the seedling rate is only 33%.

Sowing seeds

Cover the flat border with a layer of sand to prevent the seeds from being buried too deep, which is not conducive to seedling emergence. After mixing the washed wet seeds with dry sand, sow them evenly on the sand surface of the seedling bed with a density of 1: 2 seeds / cm2, then cover the river sand with a thickness of 0.3 cm, cover grass, water, spray 1000 times of carbendazim + phoxim 1000 times, and finally cover with film.

Seedling management

After 15-20 days of sowing, the seedlings emerged, removed the film and straw, watered, and set up a high arch shed of 30-40 cm. After the seedlings had 2 true leaves, they were irrigated once a week with clear dung water and 600 times urea solution, and insecticides were sprayed once from December to February of the following year. Leave ventilation vents at both ends of the arch shed in late January to dissipate heat to prevent high temperature burning of seedlings. Remove the film in the afternoon, cover the film at 10:00 in the morning, and remove the film on January 30th and 31st to avoid burning seedlings when the temperature rises.

Seedling transplanting

In late March, the seedling height of 20-30 cm can be transplanted to the field according to the row spacing of 10 cm × 3 cm. Level the ground 10 days before planting, bask in the sun, and pour water thoroughly 1 day before planting, so as to break the ground. After planting, due to the high temperature and air drying, it is easy to lead to the death of seedlings. In order to improve the survival rate of seedlings, different shading treatments and transplanting experiments were carried out on the border surface. There were three treatments for border shading: (1) no mulch, watering once a day in the morning and evening, (2) covering a sunshade net, watering once a day in the morning and evening, and (3) building a 40 cm high arch shed, covering the film, and then covering the sunshade net, watering once or twice a week. Urea was applied once per hectare for 45 kg per month in May and July, urea was applied after watering or when it rained to prevent chemical fertilizer from burning seedlings, and clear dung water was irrigated once a month in May and July. There were two treatments in the transplanting period: (1) transplanting from late March to early May and investigation in late December; (2) transplanting from mid-May to mid-June and investigation in late December. The results showed that the survival rate of seedlings without mulch and sunshade net was 17.8% and 37.6% respectively, and the survival rate of seedlings with 40 cm high arch shed, covering film, covering sunshade net and watering once or twice a week was as high as 99.3%. In addition, after transplanting from mid-May to mid-June, the seedling rate (the percentage of plants with 0.5 cm stem diameter at 5 cm above and below the ground) was 68.9%, and the seedling rate from late March to early May was 97.1%.

Grafting

There were four treatments in the grafting period: (1) from December 28 to the middle of February of the following year; (2) late February; (3) early March; and (4) mid-March. The percentage of plants with a height of more than 80 cm accounted for several hundred points of the total plant, and the grafting periods were 89.1%, 74.3%, 54.6% and 37.2%, respectively. It can be seen that the best grafting period is from December 28 to the middle of February of the following year.

Growth condition

The seedling height of golden, crystal and flood growing period (mid-March to late June) can all reach more than 80 cm; golden peanut long-term (mid-March to early June) seedling height of more than 80 cm accounted for 89.6%; snowflake, yellow flower, Cangxi growth period (mid-March to late May) seedlings reached 80 cm accounted for 49.2%. (6) the best time for picking pear fruit is in the middle of October. After harvesting, it will pile up and rot in the open field, and the seeds will be sown now, which is easier to manage than traditional sand storage and will not be moldy. The purpose of early seedling raising and early emergence can be achieved by using film moisturizing. The seedlings were planted in 40 cm high arch shed, covered with film and covered with sunshade net, and watered once or twice a week, which could increase the survival rate. The best time for grafting is from late December to mid-February of the following year.

Control of diseases and insect pests

After being unearthed, Tang pear seedlings are easily harmed by ground tigers (soil silkworms), bite off coarse plants and water them with methamidophos. At the same time, they can also be caught manually and killed adults. If you encounter aphids in the seedling stage of Tang pear, spray dimethoate with water. If powdery mildew occurs in the seedling stage of Tang pear, it can be controlled by water spray of Fenning and carbendazim.

Main value

Medicinal value: eliminate food and stop dysentery, treat diarrhea. Bubblegum water or fruit wine, eaten raw or cooked, is another flavor.