Cultivation techniques of Zizania caduciflora: changes in growth characteristics and how to fertilize Zizania caduciflora

According to the characteristics, the growth and development of Zizania latifolia shoots can be divided into four stages. How do you apply fertilizer to Zizania latifolia?

1. Germination period: When the temperature rises in spring, tiller buds and ramets begin to germinate and form new plants one after another. Generally, upper buds germinate earlier than lower buds, and their growth potential is more vigorous.

2. Tillering stage: When a new plant grows up to have 5 leaves, tiller buds can occur in its basal leaf axils. Each new plant can produce about 10~20 new tiller buds, among which the early tiller buds can become expanded tender shoots, called effective tillers.

3. Pregnant period: that is, the base of the stem began to expand the period.

4. Dormancy period: When the temperature drops below 150C, the growth of the aboveground part stops, and at this time, tiller buds and ramets formed by new plants sprouting underground stems are formed on the shortened stems, both of which are dormant in the soil.

Formation of Zizania latifolia

When the bud formed, Ustilago mycelium invaded, and the mycelium distributed in the whole tissue. Mycelia maintain growth with host nutrients and expand to form a cavity; hyphae secrete plant hormones, induce abnormal cambium, promote cell division, cause abnormal cell hypertrophy and form Zizania latifolia shoots, and then Ustilago sp. produces chlamydospores. The results showed that the content of auxin IAA in the stems of flowering plants was 3~4 times less than that in the stems of pregnant plants.

Recommended amount and method of fertilization for Zizania latifolia shoots

(i) Recommended amount of three elements (kg/ha): single-season rice (red shell species): nitrogen 100-150. Phosphoric anhydride: 80-100. Potassium oxide: 50-100.

(ii) Recommended amount of compost: 15-20 tonnes/ha.

(iii) Fertilization period and method (kg/ha)

1. Basal fertilizer: before preparation, the full amount of compost and calcium superphosphate 400 kg (containing 72 kg of phosphoric anhydride), after comprehensive sowing, ploughing into the soil, fully mixed with the soil.

2. One chase (10-15 days after planting): apply 35-55 kg urea (containing about 15-23 kg nitrogen) and 50-100 kg potassium chloride (containing 30-60 kg potassium oxide).

3. Second dressing (20-25 days after planting): 55-85 kg urea (containing about 25-38 kg nitrogen) and 110-140 kg calcium superphosphate (containing 20-25 kg phosphoric anhydride).

4. 3. Zhizhui (Zizania latifolia shoots with flattened and plump pseudostems): 55-85 kg urea (containing about 25-38 kg nitrogen) and 33-66 kg potassium chloride (containing 20-40 kg potassium oxide).

5. Four toppings (autumn harvest period): 85-125 kg urea (nitrogen content of about 36-53 kg).