High-yield planting techniques of wild papaya in Zheng'an County

High-yield Cultivation Techniques of Chaenomeles sinensis in Zheng 'an County

From the cultivation point of view, Chaenomeles sinensis has strong adaptability, and its requirements for planting environment are not strict, but its artificial cultivation activities are mostly carried out in southern China.

1 Selection of wild papaya

As mentioned in the foreword, Chaenomeles sinensis has strong adaptability to external environmental conditions, so it is widely cultivated as a commercial fruit product in southern China. In terms of site selection for plantations, sunny slopes or semi-sunny slopes with ventilation and sunshine are the best occasions. In terms of soil requirements, relatively deep, fertile, loose and rich in organic matter are the main ones, and the groundwater level is required to be low, so as to ensure no ponding, good overall drainage, and slightly acidic soil nature. If there is no slightly acidic soil, but barren hills and slopes with relatively poor soil quality, organic fertilizer that can improve the soil must be used more. On the one hand, reasonable land use can be achieved, and on the other hand, it can also meet the intercropping of wild papaya in the process of fruit and grain cultivation in the region.

2 Cultivation of wild papaya

Generally speaking, the best planting time of wild papaya in southern China is autumn, of course, some areas will be planted before germination in spring, and the planting spacing will usually be controlled within the range of 2.2 m×3.0 m. If it is flat cultivation, triangular cultivation should be adopted, while if it is mountainous cultivation, high-line cultivation should be adopted, and the terrace soil part of wild papaya should be planted in the center of the soil. At the edge of the field and the position of the earth ridge, the planting position extending 1m outward will be selected, and then the planting pit (80×80×80cm) will be dug around the planting point.

15 - 20 kg of decomposed cow dung and 1 kg of calcium phosphate fertilizer are selected as fertilizer in the pit, mature soil and fertilizer are evenly mixed, then filling and compaction are carried out, finally, the soil is piled into a hill shape, and a layer of thin soil with the thickness of 10 cm is paved on the top to ensure that seedlings can spread roots in the pit and meet the basic requirements of uniform distribution, and finally, soil is backfilled. In the planting process, it is necessary to ensure that the rhizome and marriage interface of wild papaya is about 5~7 cm higher than the ground, and the soil ridge with a diameter of 1 m around the seedling can be matched with sufficient root fixing water to achieve sufficient watering. When all the water seeped into soil, the position of tree tray should be considered to improve the survival efficiency of Chaenomeles sinensis roots. At this time, you can choose to water once every 5~6 days, while watering and loosening the soil, keep the soil always in a wet and sufficient water state [1].

3 Management of orchard intercropping

The soil management of Chaenomeles sinensis must be loose and the water is fully volatilized. Generally speaking, the cultivation of Chaenomeles sinensis should be carried out after heavy rain and before seed setting. The cultivation depth should be controlled at about 7~9 cm, and the topsoil should be loose enough. At the same time, the cultivation of wild papaya in southern China can be carried out together with some short-stem grain and fruit crops, that is, intercropping. The main intercropping crops include all kinds of vegetables, potatoes, etc. The intercropping process of these grain and fruit crops should ensure that weeding and ploughing are carried out twice a year. At the same time, we must strictly observe the basic principles of orchard intercropping. First, the varieties of intercrops that are conducive to the growth and development of wild papaya must be selected, such as sweet potato, peanut, mung bean, rape and other grain and oil crops, while wheat, corn and other high-stem crops cannot be used as intercrops of wild papaya, because they will compete with wild papaya for water and fertilizer. Second, the intercrop should maintain a certain intercropping distance with the wild papaya, generally maintained at about 30~40 cm, to avoid the contradiction between the roots of the wild papaya and the roots of the intercrop. In general, intercrop must select crops with short stems and high economic value, high adaptability and short growth cycle, and ensure that the selected intercrop does not have common diseases and insect pests with wild papaya.

4. Fertility and water management of wild papaya

After the planting of wild papaya in autumn, its base fertilizer should also be combined with orchard deep ploughing before autumn defoliation. If the base fertilizer is not applied in autumn, it should be applied before winter freezing. Generally, the fertilizer suitable for base fertilizer includes organic fertilizer such as manure and soil fertilizer, which can also be used together with chemical fertilizer. Taking the method of fertilization per plant as an example, because the root distribution range of young Chaenomeles sinensis is very narrow, and its crown vertical projection has the problem of outer edge, it is necessary to dig a circular groove with a width of 20 cm and a depth of about 30 cm around the young Chaenomeles sinensis, and fertilize in the groove. The amount of farm manure is about 25 kg/plant, while the amount of calcium phosphate is 1 kg/plant. After fertilization, it is necessary to cover the soil in time. In case of drought, it is necessary to irrigate the soil again after fertilization to ensure that the soil is irrigated thoroughly. This can effectively accelerate the decomposition of fertilizer.

The topdressing link should be carried out in the growing season of wild papaya, for example, topdressing in winter. The selected fertilizer can be quick-acting fertilizer, such as calcium phosphate, urea, clear dung, etc. In addition to spring, the topdressing of young trees should be guaranteed three times a year. The first topdressing is applied in the budding period of young trees of wild papaya (late January to early February), and decomposed organic fertilizer is applied at about 5~10 kg/plant; the second topdressing is applied after the growth of spring shoots stops every year (late May to June), and chemical fertilizer is applied at 50 g/plant; the third topdressing is applied in July to September every year, and calcium phosphate and potassium sulfate (150g/plant) are applied to ensure that young trees are full of buds and branches [2].

5. Plastic pruning of wild papaya

The purpose of shaping and pruning of wild papaya is to make it strong and achieve high and stable yield. Considering its shrubby growth characteristics, it is not strict in the overall shaping requirements, generally using natural club-like pruning, each hole retains 3~5 root tillers. Because wild papaya generally grows more vigorously, the plant clusters often appear too dense phenomenon, so the pruning of wild papaya plants must be paid attention to. From the beginning of fruiting, it is necessary to cut the young trees properly, focus on cultivating the compact branch group closest to the backbone branch, cut off the sprouts, dead branches, diseased branches and senescent branches at the base, and grasp the basic principle of regeneration before senescence to ensure the stable growth of young trees of Chaenomeles sinensis. Furthermore, the tree crown was renewed by using the robust developing branches, and finally the skeleton was stabilized, and the growth advantage of the main branches was always stabilized. On the other hand, the pruning purpose of wild papaya plants should be to improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions inside the plant cluster, so as to avoid the dense accumulation of branches affecting the overall growth of young trees. Generally speaking, young trees after pruning will have certain advantages in growth and growth of their cuttings, germinating a large number of long branches, and the crown can also be expanded, and soon bear fruit in the next year. In the summer of flowering, the branches that grow too long should be removed to ensure that the lower buds grow fully. Generally speaking, the pruning time should be selected from the time when the wild papaya leaves fall to the time when it sprouts again every year.

6. Flower and fruit management of wild papaya

The flower and fruit management of Chaenomeles sinensis plant follows the basic principle of "thinning flowers and fruits", that is, to thinning redundant flowers and fruits, and to maintain the balance between growth and fruit through reasonable adjustment of the number of flowers and fruits, that is, to balance the load of fruit trees reasonably. Reasonable flower and fruit management can ensure that the tree is healthy, the fruit is distributed reasonably on the tree, and the final goal of high quality and high yield is achieved. Generally, flower thinning and fruit thinning must be controlled flexibly according to its branches, flower quantity, etc. Generally, the first fruit thinning is carried out about 20 days after flowering, and the second fruit thinning is carried out about 50 days after flowering. If necessary, it is necessary to suit the fruit after thinning to avoid pests and diseases from damaging the fruit trees. To sum up, the basic principle of fruit thinning is to remove the upward fruit and leave the downward fruit; remove the small fruit and leave the big fruit; remove the weak fruit and leave the strong fruit; remove the dense fruit and leave the thin fruit; remove the deformed pest fruit and leave the healthy fruit.

7 Pest control of papaya

Wild papaya itself disease pest resistance is very strong, usually reasonable pruning, fertilization can achieve the purpose of pest control. However, for the more common skin blight, leaf blight, dry rot and so on, corresponding control measures should be taken to achieve centralized treatment. After June every year is the high incidence period of wild papaya diseases and insect pests, at this time, 1:1:100 times of Bordeaux mixture can be used for wild papaya plants, combined with 50% carbendazim WP, 1000 times of liquid spray to prevent and control ring spot, aphids and the like. At the same time, cooperate with the work of picking the plant, and eliminate all overwintering eggs by artificially cutting off the branches and leaves.

In this paper, many high-yield technical links during the cultivation period of Chaenomeles sinensis were discussed in detail. Only by vigorously popularizing these techniques and paying full attention to each technical link in the planting process, under the condition of eliminating natural disasters, the growth stability of wild papaya can be basically guaranteed, the fruit yield is high, and the local wild papaya can be guaranteed to have a stable yield and high yield, and good benefits can be obtained.