Key points of management techniques of grape in autumn and spring in Tangshan area

Key points of management techniques of grape in autumn and spring in Tangshan area

1 fertilization in autumn

After entering autumn, the occurrence of diseases and insect pests in fruit trees began to reduce, and the management of fruit trees began to shift from the tree to the bottom of the tree. Because in autumn, all kinds of fruit trees begin to enter the period of nutrient accumulation and maturity. In particular, fertilizers must be added in time after fruit harvest in order to increase tree storage nutrition and promote flower bud fullness. The time of fertilization is from late September to early October. The amount of fertilizer applied per mu of grape in the fruiting period of more than 3 years (3000 kg per mu): 50 kg of ternary compound fertilizer with equal content plus 40 kg of superphosphate, 40 kg of probiotic fertilizer and 3 m ~ 3 of mature organic fertilizer. Fertilization method: generally adopt ditch application or hole application. The ditches were dug alternately on both sides of the grape root every other year, such as under the shelf in the first year and off the shelf in the second year. The fertilizer application ditch with a depth of 30 ~ 40 cm and a width of 40 cm was dug outside 50 ~ 60 cm from the root stem. Hole application means digging several pits with a depth of 20 ~ 30 cm evenly at 40 ~ 50 cm on both sides of the plant. Then apply fertilizer and mix well, then backfill the soil and irrigate once.

2 Spring management

2.1Grape should be unearthed when the daily average temperature is more than 10 ℃ ~ 12 ℃. After unearthed, the old skin and coarse skin on the grape seedlings should be removed in time to reduce the number of diseases and insect pests. Then spray 4 ~ 5 Baume degree stone sulfur mixture, pay attention to spray through the seedlings and fields, do not rush on the shelf after the grapes are unearthed, wait for the second and third buds below the main bud eye to fall off, that is, unearthed for 3 ~ 4 days and then put on the shelf. During the creeping growth of grape seedlings, the top advantage is not obvious, the nutrition distribution is uniform, the bud of the whole seedling is uniform, the top advantage of the seedling is obvious after the seedling is on the shelf, and the nutrition is transported to the upper end of the seedling, if the lower bud is not strong enough and can not get nutrition, and then encounter the phenomenon of temperature instability, late spring cold and so on, the following buds will freeze to death or wither and return to bud. During the period of grape bud germination, the solution of 1 000 times of Biou + 1 500 times of Biou + 1 000 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate could be sprayed to reduce the effect of freezing injury and promote the germination of whole bud.

2.2 topdressing began from 10 to 15 days after clearing the garden. Kaichun grape mainly grew branches, leaves and roots, while compound fertilizer was mainly high in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and the ratio of root force to nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium per mu was 18 ∶ 16 ∶ 6 potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 40 ~ 50 kg (this compound fertilizer contained organic fertilizer, biological bacterial fertilizer and trace elements). It should be noted that the position of ditching should be 30 ~ 40 cm away from the plant, and the depth of fertilization should be 20 ~ 25 cm.

2.3 sprouting. The time of sprouting is determined according to the thickness of fruiting branches. The diameter of fruiting branches is 0.6 ~ 1 cm. In the middle of April, buds can be wiped off, weak buds can be erased and strong buds can be left. If the thickness of the mother branch is more than 1.2 cm, the strong bud should be erased and the weak bud should be left, and the bud should be wiped late at this time. When all the branches germinate evenly and the length of the new shoot is 10 ~ 15 cm, the tree should be sprouted to lose weight, so as to prevent the phenomenon of grain size in the later stage and increase the fruit setting rate.

2.4 removing cuteness. No branches and leaves should be left in 30 cm above the surface to ensure ventilation and light transmission at the bottom of the root, prevent the occurrence of white rot and brown spot in the later stage, and reduce nutrient consumption.