Cultivation and propagation techniques of red currant

Cultivation and propagation techniques of red currant

Currant is a precious economic and ornamental tree species, which has extensive application value in the fields of food, medicine, garden and ecology. Its shrub has beautiful tree shape and colorful flowers and fruit leaves. the fruit can not only make canned fruit wine, fruit juice beverage and jelly, but also extract natural pigments, anthocyanins, polyphenols, minerals and vitamins, and has a variety of medical and health care functions. the prospect of development and utilization is very broad. In view of this, in April 2010, Liaoning Province carried out research and demonstration on the biological characteristics of tree species, breeding of different tree species and intensive cultivation techniques on the basis of the introduction of excellent provenances of currant species, and popularized and applied them in Shenyang, Fushun and Dandong of the province. The implementation of the project will not only add new excellent species resources to Liaoning Province, give full play to the ecological advantages of species diversity, and fill the outstanding problems such as the singleness of existing forestry economic tree species, urban and rural greening and landscape beautification, and so on. it will also promote the rapid development of regional industries, increase jobs, increase farmers' income, and play an important role in urban and rural greening, beautification and economic development in Liaoning.

Red currant (Ribes rubrum L.) is native to Poland with bright red berries, good quality and strong cold resistance. Through hybrid selection, clone test and regional cultivation test, the excellent clones were cold-resistant and disease-resistant, with good berry quality, moderate and strong tree strength and open posture. Results the habit was between early ripening and late ripening. After entering the full fruit stage, high and stable yield could be maintained by simple pruning. At present, it has been widely cultivated in Heilongjiang, Jilin and other areas, and tested in Shenyang, Fushun, Fengcheng, Liaoning Province.

1 Variety characteristics

Shrub, plant height 1-2m, no thorns on branches, leaves 3-5-lobed or entire, leaf back glandless, berries bright red, translucent. The stalk length is about 0.5cm, the diameter is 0.9~1.1cm, and the ear length is 7~13cm. There are 10 to 22 fruits per panicle, and the fruit contains 9.0% soluble solids, which is sweet and sour. Can be fresh or processed fruit juice and so on. This variety has high yield and strong stability, the average yield of red currant is 1.0kg, and the yield can reach 300kg/667m2, which is more than 25% higher than that of Suiyan 1 currant variety. It has strong cold resistance and can be cultivated in areas with an average annual temperature of more than 5 ℃.

2Propagation technology

Red currant mainly adopts cutting propagation technology. The main results are as follows: (1) the basal branches with high yield, high quality and free of diseases and insect pests are selected, and the 1-year-old branches of coarse 0.6~1.0cm are required to have a good degree of Lignification. (2) the principle of keeping 2-3 full buds when cutting cuttings is 12~15cm of general length. The cuttings were cut smoothly, the upper incision was cut flat, the lower incision was oblique, and the distance from the upper incision to the apical bud was 1.0cm to 1.5cm. (3) soaking the lower cut of ear wood with IBA (indolebutyric acid) 500mg/L, soaking depth 3~5cm, soaking time 2cm 3s.

3 cultivation techniques

3.1 requirements for climatic factors

The annual mean temperature is ≥ 4.8℃, the extreme minimum temperature is ≤-35 ℃, and the extreme maximum temperature is 38 ℃. Frost-free period ≥ 150d, annual precipitation ≥ 500mm, annual sunshine hours ≥ 2000h.

3.2 soil

The groundwater level is ≥ 2m, and the drainage and irrigation are good. The thickness of soil layer is ≥ 1.0m. The soil is loose and permeable loam, sandy loam and clay loam, and the pH value is 6.5-7.5. Convenient transportation, no environmental pollution.

3.3 topography

The site conditions are slope ≤ 15 °, leeward to the sun, groundwater level ≥ 2m, good drainage and irrigation. The thickness of soil layer is ≥ 1.0m. Convenient transportation, no environmental pollution.

3.4 planting period

For the high-quality seedlings cultivated by asexual reproduction, the planting period is late April, and the soil can be planted when the depth of the pit is deep enough.

3.5 cultivation density

The new varieties of currant, thorn purple red currant and pearl red currant, have medium potential and open crown. In the land with medium fertility, the suitable density is 1.5 × 2m × 1.5m, 1 plant per hole, that is, 222-296 plants / 667m2, planting pit diameter 30cm, deep 30cm.

3.6 fertilization method and fertilizer application amount

The new varieties of currant, Cizi red currant and Chuanzhu red currant, should be fertilized with sufficient base fertilizer, mainly farm manure, with a fertilizer amount of 30 t / hm ~ 2, and topdressing urea and diammonium phosphate in mature garden according to the ratio of urea ∶ diammonium phosphate = 1 ∶ 1, fertilizer amount 0.33t/hm2.

3.7 Field management

The management of fertilizer and water should be strengthened during the flowering and fruit expansion period, and attention should be paid to the control of gooseberry wing moth in the middle of May and the beginning of June and July. the whole growth period should be ploughed and weeded and harvested timely. The tree posture of this variety is half-open, and the post-fruiting branches are more droopy, so the perennial branches (more than 4 years old) should be thinned after fruit picking, the diseased branches and old and weak branches should be cut off from the base, and the strong branches and full buds should be retained.

3.8 Cold prevention and pest control

In late November, 1-year-old and 2-year-old young trees were planted with Fangfeng seeds every 6m in Northwest China to prevent cold. During the period of high incidence of powdery mildew in May and July, carbendazim and carbendazim could be sprayed for 2 times and 3 times.

3.9 harvesting and post-harvest treatment

In the middle and last ten days of July, it was picked by hand or by special portable picker. Pile the fruit in the shade of the courtyard, pack it into a box and store it in a cold storage.

4 main uses

Red currant is a berry economic forest tree species, the fruit can be eaten fresh or processed into drinks and other products, in which γ-linolenic acid in the fruit is the pharmacological active ingredient against cardiovascular disease. In addition, red currant has wide adaptability and vigorous growth, so it can be used as an ideal tree species for landscaping with significant ecological benefits such as beautifying the environment and purifying the air.