How to trim peach trees in summer?

How to trim peach trees in summer?

Among all kinds of fruit trees, peach is a kind of tree with many branches and large branch growth. Pruning young and prosperous trees in summer can speed up the formation and promote early high yield. The time of flower bud differentiation of peach trees is mainly from July to August, during which a large number of overgrown shoots will be drawn, resulting in clusters of branches and shielding each other from the wind and light. If not pruned in time, flower bud differentiation will be affected, resulting in only growing branches and leaves without fruit in the coming year. Summer pruning can promote the normal growth and rapid formation of backbone branches at all levels, balance tree potential, control growth, save nutrients, achieve early fruit, early and high yield, and prevent fruit parts from moving out.

1 the growth law of peach trees

Peach trees grow fast, can draw secondary shoots 2 or 4 times a year, and have the advantages of easy flowering, early fruiting and early yield. Generally, the fruit can be achieved in 3 years, and 5 years will enter the full fruit period. Get rid of young

Outside the tree, most of them belong to fruiting branches. Peach trees are native to the areas of high altitude, long sunshine time and high light intensity in China, which have formed a certain regularity in the long-term phylogeny, so their pruning characteristics are different from other fruit trees.

1.1 likes the light and is weak in dryness

The central branch of the naturally growing peach tree was weak, and the fruit position moved out and the yield decreased with the increase of age. There must be good light in order to grow and develop normally, and happy trees are often used in production. The crown of peach tree is small, with a height of 3m and a crown width of 3m, which is easy to manage.

1.2 High germination rate and strong branching ability

The sprouting rate of peach is very high, there are only 2-3 latent buds, and the life span is short, so the lower part of perennial branches is easy to be bald and difficult to renew. The ability to form branches is very strong, and the elongated heads of the main branches of young trees can generally grow more than a dozen long branches, and can sprout secondary and tertiary branches, so peach trees take shape quickly and bear fruit early, but it is also easy to cause crown closure, so it is necessary to properly thinning branches and pay attention to pruning.

1.3 weak top dominance, many branches and large sharpness

The apical advantage of peach is not as obvious as that of apple. After truncation of strong branches, the growth of new shoots germinated at the top is larger, but many new shoots can sprout under it, which is beneficial to the culture of fruiting branches. However, in the backbone branch culture, there are many lower branches, which obviously weakens the thickening growth of the tip elongation head, and the sharpening degree is large, so it is necessary to control the growth of the competitive branches under it to ensure the robust growth of the extended branches. In addition, when the angle of the main branch is large, it often sprouts and grows branches on the back, which seriously weakens the growth of the upper branches and shades more, so it is necessary to remove or control the cultivation in time to avoid growing trees on the trees.

1.4 Shear resistance but poor wound healing

In general, the removal of big branches will not obviously weaken the growth of the upper part of the apple tree, but the cut healing is poor, so when pruning, try to make the wound small and smooth, let alone stay. Apply protective agent to large wounds in time to facilitate healing as soon as possible and prevent glue flow or other diseases.

2 the main methods of summer shearing

Summer pruning includes wiping buds, removing cuttings, taking branches and pulling branches, and so on.

2.1 Twist the tip

Twisting the tip can control the vigorous growth and improve the light, that is, twist the new tip and make the tip sag. All the excessively vigorous new shoots on the extended branches of the main branch and the strong shoots pulled out from the upper part of the crown, as well as the strong shoots produced near the cutting mouth after being cut short in winter, should be twisted. Twisting shoots are generally carried out when the new shoots grow to about 30cm and have not yet lignified, and the position should be twisted at the place where the length of 15cm is left.

2.2 Heart-picking

For the overstrong shoot, when drawing to 18~20cm, we should first take the core to control the top advantage, and then twist the new shoot when the new shoot grows to 30cm. The new shoots from the hollow parts of the middle and lower part of the crown should be coring when they reach 20cm in order to promote the growth of lateral branches. Only long branches pick the heart, can send out several secondary shoots, secondary shoots can also become fruiting branches, which are often used to cultivate fruiting branches.

2.3 pruning

The method of removing the strong and remaining the weak should be taken to control the over-prosperous branches in the upper and outer parts of the crown. At the same time, dense branches and useless branches should be cut off to improve crown light conditions and promote flower bud differentiation and fruit growth.

2.4 pulling branches

For some young prosperous trees, pulling branches can ease the tree potential, cultivate an ideal tree shape, and promote early fruiting. The angle of the branch is generally controlled at about 80 °, but it cannot be pulled horizontally. Pull branch pay attention not to pull and split the big branch, cause glue flow, poor healing, it is best to pad with soft objects when pulling, to prevent strain, and so on.

3 pruning essentials for different purposes of peach trees in summer

3.1 pruning techniques for balancing tree potential

In shaping and pruning, the growth imbalance between backbone branches is often encountered, the space can not be fully utilized, and the yield per plant is low. At this time, a variety of means are used to suppress the strong and help the weak to achieve the goal of balanced growth. In general, heavy pruning of strong branches, light pruning of weak branches, weak buds of strong branches, more fruit of strong branches, less fruit of weak branches, opening angle of strong branches and raising angle of weak branches are generally needed, and the tree potential is gradually balanced by means of brace, pull, sag and fertilization.

3.2 pruning techniques of prosperous trees to promote fruit

For this kind of trees, in addition to fertilizer and water control, the use of chemical control, but also reasonable pruning. First of all, open the light path, remove some of the backbone branches and shading branches, especially the long branches on the back, to open the angle of the main branches, where there is light, there are flowers. At this time, we should also pay attention to the methods of picking and picking Wangzhi in summer. Winter pruning can also be changed after early spring to weaken its growth. In this way, the tree potential can be relaxed in 1-2 years, full flower buds can be formed and the yield can be stabilized.

3.3 pruning of fruiting branches

The number of fruiting branches is related to variety, tree potential, tree age and so on. Generally, the branch distance of fruiting branches is kept at 10~20cm after winter pruning. The varieties of the northern variety group are mainly short fruit branches, which can be denser appropriately, while the varieties of the southern variety group are mainly medium and long fruit branches, which can be thinner.

Results the retention length of branch shears should be determined according to the length of branches, the position of bearing, the fruit setting rate of varieties and so on. In general, long fruit branches leave 5-8 flower buds, when they are too dense, remove erect branches and leave oblique branches, pay attention to the distribution of branches not to be "uniform" and stagger in length, and pay attention to reserve branches, middle fruit branches generally leave 3-5 flower buds, cutting buds leave leaf buds Short fruit branches and flower-like fruit-bearing branches are generally sparse but not cut, and the fruit-setting rate of futile fruit-bearing branches is low and the growth is prosperous. After short-cutting, several good fruit-bearing branches can be produced, which are often combined with summer pruning and cultured into fruit-bearing branches.

4. Culture of fruiting branch group.

The fruiting branch group is a fruiting unit composed of several fruiting branches directly planted on the backbone branches, and it is also the main part of the fruit yield of the tree. There are three kinds of branch groups: large, medium and small. The large branch group has strong growth potential, long life span and good fruit quality. The culture methods are as follows: generally, 5-10 nodes are left for the more prosperous branches, 2-3 strong branches in the lower part are truncated in the second year, the other branches are thinned, and 3-5 buds are cut short in the third year, which can be cultured into large fruiting branches. The large fruiting branch group is generally distributed on the oblique side of the backbone branch, while the medium and small branch groups are distributed on the back and in the space of the large branch group. The culture method of small and medium-sized branches is similar to that of large branches, but the control is smaller [4].

Results the pruning of the branch group should pay attention to the growth and density of the fruit branch, not only the fruit of the current year should be considered, but also the fruit branch of the next year should be prepared. the strong branch can keep more fruit and the weak branch should be re-pruned to ensure the stability of the branch group. if the branch group is weak, it should be retracted in time for intra-group renewal, heavy pruning and developing branches should leave more lower reserve branches, less fruit, and gradually recover. Some branch groups are old and can be thinned and replaced by nearby new branch culture, or other branch groups can be extended to this space. If the branch group is strong and prosperous, it is necessary to remove the strong branches and erect branches in time, and leave the moderate and strong fruiting branches.

In branch group pruning, there are two ways to cultivate preparatory branches: one is called double-branch regeneration, that is, two similar fruit branches are selected on the mother branch, the upper branch is pruned according to the fruit branch, and the lower branch is only re-cut off the two buds at the base to produce two new shoots to form the fruiting branch of the second year. In winter, the above fruiting branches will be thinned off, and the lower two new branches will still bear fruit according to the method of the previous year, with the upper branch bearing fruit and the lower branch two buds truncated, so that there will be one fruit and one branch each year. There is also a kind of single branch renewal, that is, the medium and long fruit branches are properly re-cut, so that they can not only bear 2 or 3 fruits, but also pull out strong new shoots, and remove the upper branchlets in winter, while the robust new shoots in the lower part are also heavily cut, so repeatedly to maintain the results.