Planting techniques of Golden Pear in Dengzhou City

Planting techniques of Golden Pear in Dengzhou City

Golden pear is a kind of fruit which is very popular with consumers. The fruit is golden in appearance, good in quality, good in flavor and resistant to storage. Pear fruit has the functions of promoting fluid, moistening dryness, clearing heat, resolving phlegm and so on. Golden pear, produced in South Korea, is a new variety of middle and late ripe pear. Golden pear has a thin skin, white and tender flesh, delicious taste, sweet taste and excellent taste. Generally speaking, the ripening period of golden pear is in the middle of September, and the growth period is about 145 days. The growth of golden pear seedlings is very strong, and after fruiting, the growth slows down, the branching ability is weak, the flowering ability is strong, the fruit setting rate is high, and the high yield is good. The seedlings of golden pear can bear fruit after transplanting for 2 years. With the increasing market demand, the income of golden pear is increasing, and its planting is more and more favored by fruit farmers.]

As we all know, improving the yield and quality of golden pear can increase economic income, and only according to the growth characteristics and planting environment of golden pear to carry out scientific cultivation and management, can we improve the yield and fruit quality of golden pear.

1 Garden site selection

Golden pear has a wide range of adaptation and lax requirements for planting soil. However, in order to achieve high yield and high quality of golden pear, it is necessary to choose a suitable garden for cultivation. The soil quality of the garden land should be sandy loam and sandy soil, which requires that the soil is deep, fertile and well drained, and try not to build a garden in the area where the soil is heavy.

2 planting techniques

2.1 Establishment and planting of the garden

2.1.1 Land preparation

The cultivation of golden pear should choose sandy soil with better water source as far as possible. It is required that the soil has high content of organic matter, deep soil layer and good air permeability. Deep ploughing of the soil should be carried out before planting, which can not only loosen and activate the soil, but also kill the overwintering eggs in the soil and reduce the occurrence of pests on golden pear trees in the coming year. Dig the planting ditch with a width of 0.8m and a depth of 60~80cm. The method of digging trenches is to put the topsoil and subsoil to one side. When planting the seedlings, the topsoil is mixed with all kinds of fertilizers and filled into the bottom layer, and the subsoil is backfilled after the seedlings are planted.

2.1.2 colonization

The planting was completed from the middle of February to March 12. When establishing the garden, one-year-old strong seedlings with developed root system, straight and stout trunk, full terminal buds, strong lateral buds, seedling rhizomes above 0.8cm, seedling height above 80cm and no diseases and insect pests should be selected. The north-south row spacing was 2m × 4m with 83 plants per 667m2, or the row spacing was 3m × 4m with 55 plants per 667m2, and the fixed stem height was 70cm.

2.2 Water and fertilizer management

Generally speaking, the cultivation of golden pear is mainly based on farm manure and crop straw, supplemented by quick-acting chemical fertilizer as topdressing. The best time for the application of base fertilizer is after fruit harvest, and it should be irrigated once after applying base fertilizer. Topdressing is mainly quick-acting chemical fertilizer, which is divided into pre-sprouting fertilizer, fruit-promoting fertilizer and flower-bud fertilizer. Pre-sprouting fertilizer, when a large number of new roots grow, sprouting and spreading leaves, flowering and fruit setting, etc., need a lot of nitrogen, and nitrogen fertilizer is the main fertilizer. The main fertilizer for promoting fruit is nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, and the time of topdressing is better in the first ten days of June, when the fruit is enlarged and flower buds differentiate. Topdressing compound fertilizer is beneficial to increase fruit number, increase yield and flower bud differentiation. During the period of flower bud differentiation, it is necessary to catch up with boron and phosphate fertilizer with high purity and good solubility, and it should be used in orchards with exuberant tree strength, middle tree potential, less fruit, sufficient fertilizer and water, mature autumn shoots before the middle of October, and many and strong autumn shoots. In the process of flower bud differentiation, it is necessary to make a reasonable analysis of the tree potential and the amount of fruit in the orchard, and be careful not to use root cutting, paclobutrazol spraying and other methods to control shoots and promote flowers.

2.3 artificial pollination

A good pollination effect can be obtained by using mixed pollen to pollinate the central flowers in each inflorescence. During the bud separation period, it is necessary to comb the flowers, clean up the excess inflorescences and some useless buds, and clean up the inflorescences according to the spacing of 20~25cm. One central bud and one side bud should be retained in every two inflorescences.

When the golden pear is in full bloom, it should be in the stigma and juice secretion area of the flower, use brush, pencil and other tools to dip in the appropriate amount of pollen, and then apply it directly on the stigma, pay attention to the strength, too strong, it is possible to hurt the stigma; the strength is too small, the pollen is not easy to adhere, give pollen 2 times. Because the pistil of golden pear is more developed, and the stamen is more degraded, it produces less pollen, so in the process of planting, two other kinds of trees can be planted appropriately as pollination trees, and the ratio of golden pear to golden pear is 1:4 (pollination tree: Golden pear). Generally, white pear and sand pear tree species can be used, the amount of pollen is more, the pollination effect is better.

2.4 pruning

Golden pear is easy to flower, mainly short branch fruit, axillary flower bud fruiting characteristics, scientific management is easy to early fruit and high yield. The main purpose of pruning is to rapidly expand the crown and increase yield, and the main task is to cultivate backbone branches and reasonably transform and utilize auxiliary branches.

2.4.1 selection and cultivation of backbone branches

The backbone branches are the basal 3 main branches and the central leading branches. The first and second main branches of the base should be in the south or south direction, the third main branch should be in the north or north direction, and the central leading branch should be near the extension direction of the trunk. Within 1-3 years after planting, the selected backbone branches were cut short year after year to promote their multiple branches, good branches and form a solid skeleton. In addition to cutting short backbone branches in winter, it is necessary to re-coring the backbone branches whose growth length is more than 60cm in the growing season, so as to promote lateral branches, which plays an important role in crown expansion as soon as possible. When the main branch is short, in addition to leaving the bud as an extension branch, the opening angle of the main branch should be closed as soon as possible by means of pulling, supporting and falling. The position of the central leading branch is good and the growth is exuberant in general. In order to increase the number of branches, the method of picking more hearts in summer is generally adopted. When the height of the central stem is more than 2m, it should be heavy and short to promote the development of 3 strong branches. During winter shearing, 2-3 branches with better positions were selected for medium and short cutting, and were cultured into 3 large fruiting branches groups.

2.4.2 rational utilization of auxiliary branches

In addition to the selection of several backbone branches, a large number of branches of the first fruit tree are auxiliary branches. The functions of auxiliary branches are as follows: first, multi-dividing medium and short branches, forming flower buds as soon as possible, slowly putting them into flowers and thinning them after bearing fruit for several years; second, occupying a large position space, which has the function of filling space and balancing tree potential; this kind of auxiliary branches should be carefully pruned to promote their early fruiting and transformed into large and medium-sized fruiting branches year by year; the third is to assist the growth of main branches. However, with the increase of tree age, the auxiliary branches will affect the growth of the main branches, which should be retracted as soon as possible or removed immediately.

2.5 fertilization management

Compound fertilizer should be applied in the pit before transplanting tree species, and farm manure 50kg/ should be applied when the tree disk is expanded in autumn. The trench at 50cm from the root neck should not be too large. Farm manure should be applied into the pit and backfilled. Then repair the water storage ridge and irrigate it. In the growing season of golden pear, especially in early spring and fruit expansion period, the amount of fertilizer applied was 0.5kg/ plant. In the late growth period of golden pear (August and September), 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate was sprayed three times. At the same time of fertilization, the degree of dryness of the soil should be observed. the general irrigation rate is 3 to 5 times per year. Stop irrigation about two weeks before harvest.

2.6 Flower and fruit management

Honeybees are used for pollination, and the number of pollinated bees is controlled at 1 box per 3000m2. When the golden pear begins to hang the fruit, it also needs to be thinned. Fruit thinning should be completed within 10 to 15 days before fruit hanging, with only one fruit per inflorescence, and the ratio of fruit to leaves is 1:50. The distance between the two fruits is about 25cm. Remove all axillary flowers and unformed buds. In order to remove the unmolded young fruit, the first bagging (using small bags) should be carried out for the first time (using small bags). The amount of bagging should be 3040 / plant. One-time bagging can be carried out 3 weeks after anthesis, not too late, so as not to affect the fruit expansion. Disposable bagging can be done with double-layer fruit bags or plastic bags for young fruits. When the young fruit grows to 2~3cm in diameter, the second bagging is carried out (using a large bag), and the bagging twice can be done at 10-15 days after falling flowers. It needs to be sterilized before bagging. Tear the bag from the bottom about 7 days before the golden pear harvest.

2.7 Disease and pest control

In the process of planting golden pear, the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests is also a key link, which can not only ensure the growth of trees, but also ensure the yield and quality of fruits. The common diseases are pear wheel pattern and yellow powder worm, which mainly damage leaves, new shoots, flowers, fruits and so on. After falling flowers, the pear trees can be sprayed with a mixture of 1500mL's 11050mL 200 Bordeaux solution and 15% Tetrandrine solvent; control of pear ring disease. After 10 days of falling flowers, 80% M-45 wettable powder of 750mL can be sprayed once a week; control of yellow powder insects, spraying insecticides before fruit bagging, dilution with 1050mL 90% Wanling 1500 times, or 15% imidacloprid 3000 times of 1000mL. In the process of planting golden pear, pear bugs and pear wood lice are common pests. Pear bugs suck sap on the branches during sprouting, and suck at petioles and fruit stalks after spreading leaves, causing falling leaves and fruits in serious cases. Adults and nymphs should be killed in production. Making use of the clustering characteristics of adults and nymphs, the adults and nymphs were captured artificially around noon in mid-late May to eliminate overwintering larvae. Pear planthopper sucks part of the juice of tender green with adults and nymphs, which is mainly harmful to new shoots and petioles in spring and to foliar feeding in summer. The main control method is to eliminate overwintering adults, carefully remove weeds in the field in early spring, litter, scrape off the old warped skin and burn it, and spray 1200 times of cypermethrin diluent 500mL or 2.5% enemy killing 2000 times 0.5kg diluent evenly spraying leaves in the hibernating period of overwintering adults, which can achieve good results.