High-yield and High-efficiency cultivation techniques of early Rice + ratooning Rice + Cigu in Liuzhou City

High-yielding and High-efficient Cultivation Techniques of Early Rice + Ratooning Rice + Sagittarius in Liuzhou City

With the development of society, a large number of rural labor force flows to cities, resulting in a shortage of rural labor force. Coupled with the gradual advancement of land circulation, some farmers have reduced their own grain fields, resulting in a shortage of their own grain and forced to purchase grain from the market to supplement them. Therefore, the agricultural department of Liujiang District of Liuzhou City explored the mode of "early rice + ratooning rice + arrowhead high yield and high efficiency cultivation technology" according to the regional conditions and the climatic characteristics of the region. Combining with the water vapor balance cultivation technology of early rice, agricultural production in limited fields can not only meet the food ration problem, but also improve the economic benefit per unit area.

At present, the model of "early rice + ratooning rice + arrowhead high yield and high efficiency cultivation technique" is popularized in Liujiang District. The average dry grain yield of early rice is 680 kg/667 m 2, that of ratooning rice is 293 kg/667 m 2, and that of arrowhead is 1 050 kg/667 m 2. The average output value is 9 850 yuan/667 m 2. Compared with perennial double cropping rice, the income is 6 800 yuan/667 m 2. Very popular with farmers. The cultivation techniques are summarized as follows.

1 Early rice cultivation techniques

1.1 seedling raising

The late maturing hybrid varieties with high yield, good quality and high resistance were selected. The growth period was generally 130 ~ 135 d, and the seed dosage was 1.5 ~ 2 kg/667 m2. Sowing seedlings on March 10 - 15, covering seedlings with dry land film, sowing sparsely (sowing 1 seed in 14.5 m2 seedling field) to cultivate strong seedlings and healthy seedlings.

1.2 transplanting

The seedlings can be transplanted when they have 3 ~ 4 unfolded leaves and 1 ~ 2 tillers, usually transplanted on April 1 ~ 5, and the water vapor balance planting cultivation technique is adopted. The planting pattern is: big row spacing is 33 cm, small row spacing is…23 cm, plant spacing is 20 cm, 23 seedlings are planted per plant, 12,000 plants are planted per 667 m2. Drainage ditches are dug between compartments and around the field base to facilitate water vapor balance in the middle and late stages, promote root control of rice seedlings, and reduce pest damage.

1.3 field management

1.3.1 Water management Transplant to tillering stage, keep a layer of thin water on the surface of the compartment, speed up the increase of water temperature and ground temperature, promote early growth and rapid development of rice seedlings, and improve the effective tillering rate. When there are 10 ~ 12 tillers in each plant, drainage and sun-drying are carried out to promote root control and reduce ineffective tillers. When the sun-dried field is cracked, recharge the thin water filling the compartment surface by 1 cm and naturally dry it, and then keep the water in the field ditch (except for fertilization during the period and natural drying after irrigation). Because the second season to do ratooning rice, absolutely can not be too much sun, otherwise affect the growth of ratooning rice.

1.3.2 Fertilization Management Apply fertilizer 5 times to the whole field (Base fertilizer-tillering fertilizer-young ear differentiation fertilizer-embryo fertilizer-strong grain fertilizer), in which base fertilizer every 667 m2…apply decomposed organic fertilizer 1500 kg, 45% compound fertilizer (15 ∶ 15 ∶ 15) 50 kg, Ca Mg P 50 kg, tiller fertilizer should be applied in time, 7 ~ 10 days after transplanting, to promote rapid tiller of rice seedlings, improve effective tiller rate, urea 15 kg, 64% potassium 15 kg per 667 m2; Apply young ear differentiation fertilizer, embryo fertilizer and strong grain fertilizer according to the leaf color of rice seedlings. If the leaves are too green, do not apply them. Otherwise, apply urea 3 ~ 4 kg and 64% potassium 5 kg per 667 m2. From heading and flowering stage to maturity stage, foliar fertilizer is sprayed 3 ~ 4 times in combination with pest control to improve seed setting rate and fullness.

1.3.3 Control of diseases and insect pests Spray pesticides once 5 ~ 6 days before transplanting to prevent borer and rice blast, and spray 2.5% abamectin 1 000 times solution and rice blast 500 times solution. Abamectin, emamectin, DuPont "Kangkuan" and other pesticides can be used to control borers and leaf rollers, spraying before the larvae are 1 ~ 3 instars. Insecticides such as imidacloprid, pymetrozine and chlorpyrifos can be sprayed on rice planthopper. In the later stage, chlorpyrifos fumigation method is suitable because of high density and high seedling. Pay attention to the prevention and control of sheath blight and rice blast, tricyclazole, pyrazole, difenoconazole, azoxystrobin and other spraying can be selected.

1.4 harvesting

Harvesting is carried out when the millet is 80% ~ 90% mature, usually in early July ~ early August. Artificial harvesting is adopted to prevent mechanical harvesting from crushing broken crops and affecting the growth of ratooning rice. Harvesting should not be too early or too mature. If harvesting is too early, the seed setting rate of the previous crop will be low, which will affect the yield; although over-ripening can improve the yield, it will affect the growth of ratooning rice. Straw unified push to the corner of the field base, through the sun rain natural decomposition, both as fertilizer, but also to avoid capping the crop.

2. Cultivation techniques of ratooning rice

2.1 Pre-harvest preparation of previous crop rice

6 ~ 7 days before early rice harvest, 45% compound fertilizer (15 ∶ 15)... 10 kg and urea 5 kg were applied to supplement the nutrition of rice in late stage and promote the germination and growth of axillary buds of rice stems after harvest.

2.2 Harvesting height standard of previous crop rice

From the height of the nodes, 3 ~ 4 axillary buds were reserved for the previous rice crop. The harvesting height was generally 40 ~ 50 cm.

2.3 field management

2.3.1 Water management Ratooning rice does not need sunning during the whole growth period, maintaining a layer of 2 ~ 3 cm water layer, draining water 4 ~ 5 days before harvest, convenient harvest.

2.3.2 Fertilization management Because the growth period of ratooning rice is relatively short, generally about 60 days, so fertilization should be timely and vigorous. 7 ~ 8 days after harvest, topdressing was applied, urea 15 kg, 64% and potassium 15 kg per 667 m2, urea 4 kg, 64% and potassium 5 kg per 667 m2, and foliar fertilizer 3 ~ 4 times.

2.3.3 Pest and disease control After harvesting the pre-harvest rice, timely spray pesticides on the stubble to control rice planthoppers, and spray 500 times of pymetrozine wettable powder; later, mainly prevent borers and leaf rollers, and spray avermectins, emamectin salts, DuPont "Kangkuan" and other pesticides in turn. Pay attention to the prevention of rats harm, 3 ~ 4 days after the harvest of the previous crop, put poison rat poison around the field, and put poison rat poison at the flowering stage of the big embryo, otherwise the rats will be ruined overnight and the crop will not be harvested.

3 Sagittarius cultivation techniques

3.1 Breeding Sagittarius

Using Sagittarius asexual propagation technology, select disease-free and high-quality Sagittarius, diameter 1.5 ~ 2 cm, terminal bud intact as seed. Before sowing, the selected arrowhead seeds are soaked in 500 times solution of 50% carbendazim for 2 - 3 h for disinfection, and then sown after drying. Sowing is generally carried out in early June to late June, with the sowing specification of 40 cm×30 cm, and the sowing depth should be 1 ~ 1.5 cm of the top bud of Sagittarius. When the seedlings grow 2 ~ 3 leaves, apply topdressing, urea 10 kg/667 m2, 45% compound fertilizer (15 ∶ 15)5 kg/667 m2; when the seedlings grow 6 ~ 7 leaves and begin to grow tillering seedlings, first remove the old yellow leaves and then apply topdressing, urea 15 kg/667 m2, promote the tillering growth of Sagittarius. When the tiller seedlings grow 3 ~ 4 leaves, the tiller seedlings of Sagittarius can be harvested for field transplanting. The tiller seedlings of Sagittarius can be harvested once every 4 ~ 5 days, and the general breeding area is 667 m2. The tiller seedlings of Sagittarius can provide 0.4 ~ 0.53 hm2 for field Sagittarius.

3.2 transplanting

Harvest ratooning rice from late September to early October, apply base fertilizer immediately after harvesting ratooning rice, till the whole layer flat, apply decomposed farm manure 1 000 kg, calcium superphosphate 25 kg, urea 10 kg, potassium sulfate 10 kg per 667 m2 as base fertilizer. After tillage and leveling, transplanting and transplanting were carried out. The planting specification was 50 cm×45 cm, and 3 000 plants were planted every 667 m2. When planting, remove the main root and old diseased leaves of the seedlings, leave 3 leaves and 1 heart, insert the base of the seedlings into the soil by hand for 10 cm, and fill the gaps beside the roots with soil, so as to prevent the arrowhead seedlings from floating on the water surface due to the buoyancy of water and dying.

3.3 field management

3.3.1 Water management Sagittarius requires shallow water irrigation from planting to new leaf growth stage to prevent water depth from increasing buoyancy. Sagittarius seedlings are easy to float on the water surface and rot. To the vigorous growth period, keep the water layer 5 ~…10 cm; start to bear the ball diameter to harvest, irrigation water layer reduced to 2 ~ 3 cm, can increase the water temperature and ground temperature during the day, easy to reduce the water temperature and ground temperature at night, conducive to the conversion of nutrients accumulation and ball diameter expansion, thus improving quality and yield.

3.3.2 Fertilization management When 5 ~ 6 leaves are grown after transplanting, leaf pressing shall be carried out, old and diseased leaves shall be removed, and seedling fertilizer shall be applied, and urea 7.5~ 10 kg shall be applied every 667 m2; after the second leaf pressing, urea 5 ~ 7.5 kg shall be applied every 667 m2; after the third leaf pressing and tiller seedling cleaning, urea 5 kg and potassium sulfate 15 ~ 20 kg shall be applied every 667 m2, so as to meet the fertilizer nutrients required by the ball diameter of sagittaria.

3.3.3 From transplanting to harvesting, the leaves should be pressed three times. The first leaf pressing was carried out when 5 ~ 6 leaves were grown after transplanting, the second leaf pressing was carried out when 7 ~ 8 leaves were grown again, and the third leaf pressing and removal of all tillers were carried out 3 ~ 5 days before and after frost. When the leaves are pressed, the old and sick leaves and tillers are removed and buried in the mud. Each arrowhead leaves only 3 leaves and 1 heart, which is conducive to ventilation and light transmission, improving photosynthesis, reducing diseases and insect pests, and at the same time conducive to the accumulation of nutrients in the mother plant.

3.3.4 Pest control diseases are mainly smut. After strong wind and heavy rain or at the initial stage of disease, 37% difenoconazole 1 000 times solution or 70% thiophanate-methyl WP 800 ~ 1 000 times solution should be used alternately, spraying once every 6 ~ 7 days, spraying continuously for 3 ~ 4 times.

The main pests are apple snails and aphids. Before transplanting, tea bran can be soaked for 2 ~ 3 days and then mixed with water and sprinkled in the field. The amount of tea bran is 7.5 kg per 667 m2. The chemical pesticide molluscicide WP can also be dissolved in water and sprinkled in the field. The amount of molluscicide WP is 40 g per 667 m2. For aphid control, 10% imidacloprid WP 2 000 times or 40% dimethoate 500 times solution was sprayed alternately at the initial stage of occurrence.

3.4 recovery

From the middle and late December to the late January of the next year, the leaves of Sagittarius arrowhead gradually wither, and the bulbs can be harvested when they are fully expanded and mature. Select mature and plump arrowhead to market, and keep disease-free and injury-free arrowhead with bulb diameter of 1.5 ~ 2 cm as seed of next year.