Application of integrated technology of trunk peach water, fertilizer and medicine

Application of integrated technology of trunk peach water, fertilizer and medicine

Source: Hunan Science and Technology key Research and Development Program (2016NK2049).

The integration of water, fertilizer and medicine is a new agricultural technology that integrates drip irrigation, fertilization and spraying. According to the statistics of 2015, the planting area of peach trees in Hunan Province is about 189,000 hm ~ 2, and the yield reaches 108,000 tons, ranking the third in the fruit industry in Hunan Province, second only to citrus and pear. With the adjustment of rural industrial structure and the support of industrial poverty alleviation, the planting area of peach trees in Hunan Province is expanding. The production of trunk peach trees is a labor-intensive industry. Under the circumstances of labor shortage and increasing production costs, orchard mechanization is the only way to reduce production costs. At present, the management mode of fertilizer hole application and re-watering is widely used in the water and fertilizer management of peach orchard in Hunan province. The utilization rate of fertilizer and water is not high, and it is labor-consuming and the production cost is high. Compared with traditional border irrigation and other fertilizer and water management measures, the integration of water and fertilizer technology can reduce water infiltration and evaporation and improve water use efficiency. It realizes balanced fertilization and centralized fertilization, reduces the volatilization and loss of fertilizer, as well as the loss caused by excess nutrients, and has the advantages of simple fertilization, timely fertilizer supply, easy absorption of crops, improvement of fertilizer utilization efficiency and so on.

1 materials and methods

1.1 Test site

The experiment was carried out in the southern peach demonstration garden of the fruit and vegetable base of Chenzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences. Latitude is 25.6906, longitude is 112.8569, altitude is 338m, annual average temperature is 18 ℃, annual average rainfall is 1490 mm. The soil of the experimental garden is mainly mountain yellow soil.

1.2 Test materials and methods

The tested material was Jinxiu yellow peach. On January 3, 2016, the plant-row spacing was 1.5m × 4m, the ridge height was 35 cm, the ridge width was 2.5m, the ridge surface was laid with 2 m wide black cloth, two drip irrigation pipes were placed under the ground, the spacing was 40 cm, the outer diameter of the drip irrigation pipe was 16 mm, the wall thickness was 0.4 mm, the hole distance of the drip pipe was 15 cm, and the maximum laying length was 50 m. Natural grass is grown on the outside of the ground cloth and between rows, which is used to adjust the moisture and temperature of the peach orchard.

1.3 Water and fertilizer drip irrigation system

The technology of integration of water and fertilizer in drip irrigation is that with the help of the pressure irrigation system, the fertilizer liquid mixed with soluble solid fertilizer or liquid fertilizer is supplied with irrigation water through a controllable pipeline system, so that the irrigation water after the solution of water and fertilizer forms a drop shape. Uniform, regular and quantitative infiltration of crop root development areas, so that the soil in the main root areas is always loose and suitable for water-bearing state. At the same time, the demand of the whole growth period is designed according to the fertilizer demand characteristics of different crops, the soil environment and the water demand of different growth periods, and the water and nutrients are provided directly to the crops in time, quantity and proportion. The technology consists of four parts: water source, first hub, water transportation and distribution pipeline and irrigator.

1.3.1 A 120 m ~ 3 reservoir is designed in the drip irrigation fertilization system. The drip irrigation facility is composed of water pump, filter, water transportation and distribution pipeline and drip irrigator. Centrifuge, net combined filter, Venturi fertilizer applicator and fertilization irrigation are selected in the first part. The field pipe network is composed of Hou 63 mmPE pipe. Every 40 m, each water supply and fertilizer supply are carried out separately according to the plot.

1.3.2 fertilization time and amount of urea 140g were applied twice; nitrothio ternary compound fertilizer 850g was applied in 7 times; organic fertilizer 9 kg (organic matter ≥ 45% ≥) was applied as base fertilizer at one time when planting. Fertilization method: first dissolve the fertilizer in the fertilizer application tank, first drip water for 15 min, fill the main pipe and drip irrigation pipe with clear water, and then start fertilization, and then supply fertilizer evenly to each fruit tree through the Venturi fertiliser, and then drip water for 30 min after filling fertilizer, clean up the residual fertilizer in the drip irrigation pipe so as not to cause pipe blockage. The fertilizer solubility of drip irrigation was controlled at 5 ‰ and the amount of water for each drip irrigation was controlled at 40 m3/hm2.

1.4 spray system

It is composed of an electric sprayer, a medicine can, a centrifugal filter, a drug feeding tube, a valve and a spray tube. The PPR 20 delivery tube was laid in the field, and one control valve was used for every 4 tubes. When spraying, you only need to connect the 5 × 8 spray tube and the spray gun to the control valve to spray normally.

1.5 spraying time and quantity

(1) spraying 3 ~ 5 Baumetolite sulfur mixture before blooming red; (2) controlling aphids and spraying paclobutrazol to promote fruit setting at flowering stage; (3) after anthesis. Control aphids once a week, (4) shoot 10 ~ 15 cm, spray 180 ~ … Control shoot with 300 times paclobutrazol, (5) control heart borer once after physiological fruit drop, (6) spray once before bagging, mainly control heart borer and brown rot, etc. (7) when the new shoots grow to 40 ~ 50 cm in the first and middle of May, the shoots are controlled according to tree age and tree potential, and insecticides and fungicides are sprayed at the same time to control heart-eating insects, red spiders, brown rot, scab, etc. (8) spraying once 20 days before harvest to control heart-eating insects, red spiders and perforation; (9) after fruit harvest, control shoot control and control of perforation and brown spot disease according to tree potential (10) surprise prevention and control according to the situation of diseases and insect pests from September to October.

2 results and analysis

The pest control was carried out from May 13 to 14, and the effect was compared by spraying with different facilities and equipment. Test area... Hm2, the test results of the integrated spray system and the knapsack electric spray method are shown in the attached table. The work efficiency, energy consumption and economic benefit of the integrated spraying system are 53.1% less, 20% more energy-saving and 63.4% more efficient than the electric knapsack system, with an average labor and power cost of 5.37 yuan / 667 m2 per time. The cost of artificial power per 667 m2 is 9.32 yuan less than that of the original method.

Fertilization was carried out from July 13 to 15, and different facilities and equipment were used to irrigate the effect. The test area is 3.4hm2. The test results of integrated sprinkler irrigation system and artificial irrigation method are shown in the attached table. Compared with manual irrigation, the work efficiency, energy consumption and economic benefit of the integrated irrigation system save labor by 60.0%, energy saving by-150.0%, and efficiency by 57.7%. The average labor and power cost per time is 6.56 yuan / 667 m2, and the labor power cost per 667 m2 is 9.11 yuan less than that of the original method.

The integrated system of water, fertilizer and medicine integrates the three functions of irrigation, fertilization and spraying, and achieves the goal of high efficiency, energy saving and labor saving.

Statistical Analysis of Operation cost of Water, Fertilizer and Medicine Integrated system in schedule

3 discussion

Aiming at the problem of high labor intensity in the production and management of Taoyuan, through the design and construction of integrated water, fertilizer and spraying system facilities, the application effect is excellent, compared with the conventional method, the work efficiency, energy consumption and economic benefit of the integrated spraying system are 53.1%, 20% and 63.4%, respectively, compared with the electric knapsack type. In particular, it can free labourers from heavy manual labor and significantly improve labor productivity, which is basically consistent with the experimental results of others.

The integration of water and fertilizer can enhance the activity of soil microorganisms. Compared with conventional border irrigation, drip irrigation can increase the soil temperature by 2.7 ℃, which is beneficial to enhance soil microbial activity, promote crop nutrient absorption and improve soil physical properties. Drip fertilization can overcome the soil consolidation caused by irrigation, reduce the soil bulk density, increase the porosity, reduce the leaching loss of soil nutrients and reduce the pollution of groundwater. The technology of integration of water and fertilizer under drip irrigation can improve crop yield and product quality. when the crop yield is similar or the same, the integration of water and fertilizer can save 40% ~ 50% of chemical fertilizer compared with traditional fertilization.