Key points of Management techniques in the year of planting High-quality Red Fuji Apple

Key points of management techniques for high quality red Fuji apple in the same year

Apple seedlings can be planted in spring and autumn. Spring is generally selected in the soil after thawing to fruit tree germination before, at this time after planting seedlings slow seedling growth, germination is late, easy to cause seedlings to grow slowly. Autumn planting is generally selected after defoliation to before soil freezing, at this time the ground temperature is relatively high, soil moisture content is more, fruit tree seedling roots are injured, the wound is easy to heal as soon as possible, but also can grow new roots, and the second year germination time is earlier, conducive to improving the survival rate of seedling planting. It should be noted that fruit trees planted in autumn should be buried before winter. For orchards with dry and windy spring weather and no irrigation conditions, apple seedlings should be planted in autumn.

2 Dry

Spring seedlings before germination should be in accordance with the requirements of shaping and seedling quality for stem, generally in the second marriage interface above the variety branch section to stay 80.0~100.0 cm stem. There should be full buds under the cut, and the diameter of the cut should be more than 0.8 cm. If the height of the trunk is not high enough or there is no well-grown full bud in the trunk shaping zone, it can also be cut short at the full bud, and when the seedling grows to the height where it can be stemmed, it will be stemmed before the tree sprouts in the spring of the following year. If the soil fertility conditions are not particularly fertile, the seedlings can be dried to promote strong growth of the trunk, can form a good tree shape as early as possible. Adventitious stems can also be selected when the soil is relatively fertile and the seedlings grow strongly and luxuriantly.

3 plastic film mulching

After the seedlings are planted in spring, sufficient water should be irrigated at one time. After the soil in the tree tray is slightly dry, the tree tray should be arranged, the soil should be shallowly hoed and loosened, the soil should be raked, and the tree tray should be renovated into a shallow tray shape with high outside and low inside. Then, the tree tray should be covered with 1 m2 plastic film. A hole should be opened in the center of the plastic film, and then the plastic film should be sleeved downward from the upper end of the seedling stem to spread the plastic film on the ground. The center hole on the plastic film and the periphery of the film should be compacted with soil, which can significantly improve the surface soil temperature of the tree tray. Promote seedlings to send out new roots early, promote root growth, improve the planting survival rate of fruit trees seedlings. When planting apple seedlings in autumn, planting, stem setting, bagging and film mulching can be carried out simultaneously. However, apple seedlings planted in spring should be covered with plastic film along with planting.

4 bagging seedlings moisture

After the seedlings are planted, put a plastic bag on the branches to reduce evaporation of water on the branches. When covering plastic bags, cover all the above-ground parts of the branches. If the trunk is too high, it can also be covered to the second interface. Tie the top with a rope, and tie the opening under the plastic bag with a rope. Plastic bags on branches can promote early germination of terminal buds of seedlings, and the number of branches of trees can significantly improve the survival rate of planting, and can prevent scarab damage. When the top buds of seedlings germinate to about 3.0 cm, cut open the top for ventilation first, so that the seedlings in the bag gradually adapt to the external environment, untie the rope at the bottom two or three days later, and remove all plastic bags in the evening. Do not remove plastic bags too early, too fast or too late.

If the plastic bag is removed too early, the buds grown on the seedlings may be harmed by pests such as chafers; if the plastic bag is removed too quickly, the newly grown young leaves are exposed to dry conditions from high temperature and humidity, and the leaves are vulnerable to dryness; if the plastic bag is removed too late, the temperature inside the plastic bag is very high, and the leaves are easily burned.

5 cut buds

The best time to choose in the tree before germination, if the bud is too early, easy to grow long branches; bud carving time is late, the growth of short branches more. After the seedlings of Red Fuji apple have been dried, it is not necessary to carve buds on the branches within 20.0 cm of the cut, and it is not necessary to carve buds within 50.0 cm from the ground on the trunk. The rest of the buds are carved on the branches every 5.0~6.0 cm with knives or scissors. When carving buds, pay attention to the direction of the carved buds, spiral arrangement, and make the branches uniform in thickness. When carving buds, pay attention to the "eye injury" above the buds, carve through the cortex, to the xylem, and do not hurt the xylem too deep. Carving knife should be dedicated, and often disinfected, so as not to cut when infected branches disease. Windy spring, dry climate, carved wound in the leeward to the best, can prevent the occurrence of rot.

6. Sprouting of tree body

After seedling germination, the bud on the intermediate stock and root stock should be removed at any time to ensure the concentrated supply of nutrients to the variety scion and accelerate the healthy growth of the variety scion.

Supplement water in time after planting

After the seedlings are planted, it is necessary to judge whether to irrigate again according to the soil moisture content. If there is water shortage, it is necessary to irrigate again about 15 days after planting to improve the survival rate of seedlings after planting and ensure the healthy growth of young trees. 5-6 In areas with dry months and little rain, special attention should be paid to timely replenishment.

8 Pest control

To adhere to the "prevention first, comprehensive control" pest control method, seedlings before planting did not carry out the corresponding bacteria disinfection of the garden site, fruit trees after planting to seedlings before germination to spray the whole garden once 5°Bé stone sulfur mixture. When the new leaves of seedlings begin to spread, if aphids occur, they should be sprayed in time to control them, or aphids, imidacloprid, anti-aphirid and other insecticides mixed with foliar fertilizer should be sprayed three times continuously to completely eliminate them; when leaf rollers are found, they should be controlled in time, and spraying 1 500 times of Demeril No.3 at the beginning of May can effectively control them. After the middle of July, it is easy to occur early leaf blight. According to the disease status of leaves, spray Dasheng M-45, 1.5% multi-antibiotic and other chemicals, generally spray 3 times, and the preservation rate of late leaves is above 92%; if young leaves are found to be withered and top leaves wilted, 50% carbendazim 600 times solution or 70% thiophanate-methyl 800 times solution can be selected for root irrigation.

9 Fertilization management

When the branches of newly planted fruit trees grow to about 15.0 cm, some nitrogen fertilizers with fast fertilizer efficiency should be applied to the soil, and urea can be selected as fertilizer. A red Fuji apple tree was treated with 0.1 kg urea and then 0.1 kg urea was applied 20 days later. Spraying foliar fertilizer twice or three times during growth period to promote growth, or selectively spraying 0.2%~0.3% urea aqueous solution. The growth season starts from early May, spraying 0.3% urea once every 10 days or so for 3 times continuously can effectively supply nutrients needed for seedling growth, spraying 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate in middle August can increase potassium content in leaves and promote leaf growth to stop; Apply base fertilizer from late September to early October, choose fertilizer with slow fertilizer effect, such as decomposed organic fertilizer, farm manure, etc., apply organic fertilizer 10.0 kg and farm manure 15.0 kg to each small tree, and apply in ring, radial or groove.

10 Intertillage and weeding

Intertillage and weeding are mainly carried out from April to September. After each irrigation and heavy rain, it is necessary to hoe and loosen the soil in time to make the topsoil thin, loose and breathable without hardening; in dry weather, weeding and loosening should be carried out once every 15 days, which is conducive to drought resistance and moisture preservation. The last weeding and loosening of the whole year shall be carried out in the first and middle of September, and the depth shall not affect the root growth, generally 5.0~10.0 cm. Summer high temperature and rainy, weeds breeding, weeding should be shallow hoe, moisture conservation. When using mechanical weeding, it should be 0.5 m away from the trunk, and do not hurt the seedling dry skin. Easy to hoe near seedlings, shallow hoe, so as not to damage the roots of seedlings; deep hoe in the middle of the rows. Eliminating weeds can prevent trees and weeds from competing for water and nutrients, reduce water loss and improve soil quality. Intertillage weeding can also improve soil permeability, increase the activity frequency of microorganisms in the soil, and promote root growth.

11 Reasonable intercropping

In order to improve the utilization rate of land, reasonable intercropping can be selected between rows of newly planted fruit trees 1~3 years after planting. Green manure can be planted between rows to increase fertilizer sources. The main crops of green manure include clover, hairy sweet potato and ryegrass. Low-stalk crops such as potatoes, beans and peanuts can also be planted between rows. It is prohibited to plant high-stalk crops, deep-rooted crops, crops requiring more fertility, such as sorghum and corn, as well as radish and cabbage requiring large fertilizer and water in autumn. Intercropping should pay attention to leave a nutrient zone, the general annual tree to leave about 1.0 m, planting rotation, and pay attention to strengthen fertilizer and water management.

12 frozen water

Irrigation from defoliation to soil freezing is beneficial to safe winter of seedlings.

13 winter management

Winter temperatures are relatively low, and newly planted seedlings must be treated specially to ensure their survival. Young trees planted in that year or smaller trees, can be buried in the cold, that is, before the soil freezes, the young trees gently bend down, in order to prevent breaking, can be in the side to be overwhelmed to cultivate a solid mound, so that the top contact the ground, and then buried with soil, buried soil thickness of 20.0~40.0 cm, pay attention to the seedlings buried with soil tightly, can not leak air. After the soil thaws in late March in spring, the cold-proof soil is removed in time, and the young trees are straightened.