Conservation biological characteristics and asexual reproduction techniques of Lonicera edulis

Conservation biological characteristics and asexual reproduction techniques of Lonicera edulis

1. Biological and ecological characteristics of indigo plants

According to the spirit of document No. 13 of the State Council (1981) and the deployment of Jilin Provincial Zoning Commission, the author studied the biological characteristics of Lonicera edulis from June 1982 to 1990. It was found that the life span of Lonicera edulis under wild natural conditions was 15 years and 30 years. Like cold and cool climate environment, strong cold resistance, in Changbai Mountain and other high and cold mountain areas can survive the winter in the open, can withstand the low temperature of-40 ℃, the sap begins to flow when the average daily temperature in early spring is 0 ℃, and the sprouting and flowering area can withstand 0 ℃.

Or-1 ℃ low temperature, and branches can withstand cold wind "draining", can not bear high temperature, when the temperature is more than 30 ℃, the growth is poor. The annual average temperature was positively correlated with yield and negatively correlated with fruit quality. It is a light-loving plant with large adaptation to light, long sunshine time, sufficient light, large growth and high yield, especially in the flowering and fruiting period, which can obviously improve the fruit setting rate and fruit quality. it can affect the pollination and fertilization rate, affect the fruit setting rate, increase the plant growth under shade condition, but grow branches less, and the annual sunshine time is 2 200 hours and 2 400 hours. Lonicera edulis likes humid conditions and has high requirements for water, requiring annual precipitation of 800-1000 mm and air relative humidity of more than 70%. The plant can grow normally in a stagnant water environment, and the yield and fruit quality will be affected if there is a lack of water in the fruiting period. The whole process of growth and development requires sandy loam, sandy or peat soil with loose, moist and rich organic matter, soil pH 5.5-6.0, soil water content 50%-60%, high groundwater level and low surface runoff infiltration. In addition, the site conditions for the growth of Lonicera edulis were divided into three site types, namely, meadows and marshes among forests, wetlands under sparse forests on mountain edges and slopes, and wetlands between mountains, watersides, riverbanks and mountain roads. The soil, biological yield, economic coefficient, economic yield, net photosynthetic productivity and photosynthetic intensity of three site types of indigo were comprehensively investigated and analyzed, and the law of growth and development of this tree species was discussed. the biological and ecological characteristics of the tree species were determined, which provided a theoretical and practical basis for the development and utilization of the tree species.

2 asexual propagation and seedling technique of Lonicera edulis

Lonicera edulis is mainly distributed in Europe, Asia and the northern part of America. North Korea, Japan, Russia, East Siberia and the far East are the main producing areas in Asia, and are distributed in the northeast, north and northwest of China. In order to preserve, expand and make effective use of this wild resource, a large number of propagation and seedling techniques have been carried out at home and abroad. For example, foreign scholars have studied the rooting ability of indigo asexual reproduction, and carried out experimental studies on hardwood cutting, hardwood shoot cutting, tender shoot cutting and tender green wood cutting respectively. The results showed that although all the four cutting methods could take root, the rooting effect of green wood cutting was ideal. The Vavilov Plant Research Institute of Russia has carried out a lot of research in this area and established a gene preservation nursery.

Since the 1980s, China has successively carried out studies on the reproductive technology of Lonicera edulis. For example, the author began to study the green wood cutting of indigo in 2012, and the survival rate of seedlings is more than 90%, which has been widely used in production. Usually the cutting time is in the middle and late June, and the cuttings are collected when the branches enter the slow growth period, and the cuttings can only be used when picking cuttings, be careful not to fold, twist, pull or pull, so as not to harm the rooting tissue, and the cuttings collected should be closed in a plastic bag in time to avoid water loss; the top, middle and base of the branches can be used for cutting. Generally, the cuttings are 7-12 cm long, and the lower leaves are removed before cutting, leaving only the upper pair of leaves. The upper end of the cuttings is about 1 cm away from the buds and cut into a flat mouth. Disinfect 10 min in 1 ‰ mercury water or soak in 0.01% potassium permanganate solution for 10 min, then rinse with clean water to remove the disinfectant. Then soak the lower end of the cuttings at 2 cm in ABT1 rooting solution of 100 mg/kg for 2 hours for 4 hours. When soaking, do not make the liquid touch the leaves. The preparation of rooting powder solution is as follows: using ABT1 rooting powder developed by Chinese Academy of Forestry Sciences, taking 1 bag of 1 g rooting powder, dissolving it with a small amount of alcohol, pouring it into 10 kg water, then preparing 100 mg/kg rooting solution. Then prepare the cutting bed substrate, that is, use fine river sand + perlite (1 ∶ 1) or river sand + screened peat (1 ∶ 1), and then disinfect it with 1% 3% ferrous sulfate (FeSO4). The dosage is 1 m2 insert bed 3.0-4.5 kg solution. After that, the cuttings were cut in the greenhouse or in the small arch shed in the plastic greenhouse. Four cuttings were inserted vertically in each nutrition bowl, the cutting depth was 3 ~ 6 cm, and the suitable distance was 6 cm × 6 cm.

As the saying goes: "three points of cutting, seven points of management", post-cutting management is the key. First of all, the ambient temperature is controlled at 22: 27 ℃, the optimum temperature is 24 ℃, the night temperature is not less than 16 ℃, and the soil temperature is 20: 24 ℃. If the daytime temperature exceeds 30 ℃, ventilation or water spraying measures should be taken to reduce the temperature. In August, you can remove plastic film or cover the sunshade net. In addition, the cuttings should be watered 3-6 times a day 20 days before cutting, and there should be small water droplets on the leaf surface, and the watering times should be increased or decreased according to the weather conditions. After rooting, the amount of watering can be reduced to 80% in the first week, 70% in the second week, and 60% in the third week. From the 4th week, it is appropriate to keep the natural humidity, the water content of the substrate is about 60%, and the air humidity is above 95%. In addition, carbendazim is sprayed once a week to prevent disease.

In addition, the techniques to promote the rooting and Lignification of cuttings were also studied. It was found that 5-7 weeks after cutting, the seedlings took root and began to fertilize in order to promote growth. Spraying Fuer 655 foliar fertilizer for the first time; from the third week, mainly applying compound fertilizer with a concentration of 3%-5%, foliar spraying once a week; 30 days before freezing, spraying plant growth regulator (dwarf ccc) to inhibit cell growth, and spraying 0.5% potassium sulfate (K2SO4) to promote Lignification of seedlings.