What is the use value of Gleditsia sinensis? Seeding, seedling raising and cultivation techniques of Gleditsia sinensis

What is the use value of acacia tree (Gleditsia sinensis)? Sowing, Seedling and cultivation techniques of Gleditsia sinensis

1. Ecological habits and distribution of Gleditsia sinensis.

Gleditsia likes light and is slightly resistant to shade, likes warm and humid climate and deep, fertile and appropriate moist soil, but does not have strict requirements on the soil, and can grow normally in calcareous and saline-alkali soil and even clay or sand. The growth rate of Gleditsia sinensis is slow, with a flowering period of 4-5 months and a ripening period of 10 months. It takes about 6-8 years of vegetative growth to blossom and bear fruit. Its life span is very long, up to six or seven hundred years, and the fruiting period is hundreds of years. Gleditsia is native to the Yangtze River Basin in China and is widely distributed from north to south and southwest of China. It is mostly found in plains, valleys and hills, and can be distributed at an altitude of 1600 meters in warm areas.

2 value of Gleditsia sinensis

The whole body of Gleditsia sinensis is covered with treasures. Gleditsia sinensis, Gleditsia sinensis, pods, root bark, leaves, tender tips and wood can be developed and utilized. It is an important raw material for light chemical industry, food industry and medicine. At the same time, it can also be used as ecological forest, urban and rural landscape forest and raw material forest.

2.1 Economic value. Gleditsia seeds are rich in galactomannan gum and protein components. Galactomannan gum is used as thickener, stabilizer, adhesive, gelling agent, flotation agent, flocculant, dispersant and so on because of its unique rheological properties. it is widely used in oil drilling, food medicine, textile printing and dyeing, mining mineral processing, military explosives, daily chemical ceramics, architectural coatings, wood processing, paper, pesticides and other industries. The gum content of the seed is as high as 30% to 40%, and the protein content in the residue of Gleditsia sinensis is more than 30%, which can be used to make feed raw materials or extract green protein. Gleditsia is rich in crude protein and polysaccharides, and its oil content exceeds that of soybeans. The wood of acacia tree is solid, rot-resistant and wear-resistant, yellowish brown or mixed with red stripes, which can be used to make handicrafts and furniture.

2.2 Medicinal value. The pods, seeds and branches of acacia trees can be used as medicine, pods can be used to remove phlegm and diuresis, seeds can be used to treat ringworm and constipation, soap thorns can promote blood circulation and treat ringworm, and acacia trees can be used as fruits and seeds. Gleditsia contains triterpenoid saponins (saponins, saponins), tannins, waxy alcohol, eicosane, stigmasterol, sitosterol and so on. It has the function of eliminating phlegm and opening the orifice. The saponins contained in Gleditsia sinensis are triterpenes and oligosaccharides, which have the effects of anti-inflammation, anti-ulcer, anti-pathological changes, anti-cancer and improving immunity to AIDS. The roots, stems and leaves of Gleditsia can produce heat-clearing and detoxifying oral liquid of traditional Chinese medicine.

2.3 Ecological value. Gleditsia mandshurica is an eco-economic tree species, which is drought-resistant and water-saving, with well-developed roots, and can be used as protective forest and soil and water conservation forest. Gleditsia sinensis is heat-resistant, cold-resistant and pollution-resistant, and can be used for urban and rural landscape forest and road greening. Gleditsia mandshurica has the comprehensive value of nitrogen fixation, wide adaptability and strong stress resistance, so it is the first choice for returning farmland to forest. The construction of grassland protective forest with Gleditsia sinensis can effectively prevent the destruction of livestock, and it is the optimal tree species for the combination of forest and animal husbandry.

3. Sowing, Seedling and cultivation techniques of Gleditsia sinensis

3.1 seed collection. The ripening period of Gleditsia sinensis fruit is in October. The long-term persistent branches of Gleditsia sinensis do not fall naturally after ripening, but they are easily eaten by insects, so they should be collected in time. Pick with a hook knife or branch scissors. One thousand seeds weigh about 450g, and one kilogram of seeds is about 2200. The seed coat is thick, sprouting is diffuse and irregular. Before sowing, the seed must be treated and germinated. The method is to soak the seed in water more than a month before sowing. Change the water every 7 days, make it fully absorb water, soften the seed coat, wait for the seed coat to break, and then sow. Or in the late autumn and early winter, put the seeds into the water, fully absorb the water, remove the mixed wet sand, store and germinate, and sow the seeds in the next spring. This traditional water immersion treatment method takes a lot of work and has a poor effect. In seed treatment, we have discussed a good method of soaking with 98% concentrated sulfuric acid. Before budding, soak the Gleditsia seeds in 98% concentrated sulfuric acid for 50 minutes, remove and rinse with clean water. Then, soak in warm water for 24 hours to accelerate germination after all the seeds have fully absorbed water.

3.2 raising seedlings. Seed treatment was carried out about 5 days before sowing. First, the hot water of 70 ~ 80 ℃ was poured into the seed soaking container, and then the seeds were poured and stirred. Pay attention to stir evenly and make it cool naturally. The suitable volume ratio of seed to water was 1 ∶ 3 during seed soaking. After soaking the seeds for one day and night, the swollen seeds can be selected with a sieve to accelerate germination, and the remaining seeds can be treated in the same way. The germinating seeds are first covered with a grass curtain below, and then covered with a grass curtain. Turn the seeds 1 or 2 times a day and sprinkle water properly to keep the seed coat moist. The nursery land chooses the place with fertile soil and convenient irrigation for meticulous soil preparation, applying 3000Mu organic fertilizer 5000kg per mu and building it in flat bed or high bed. Strip sowing, sowing 15 seeds in a ditch with a distance of 20m and 25cm, covering soil with a thickness of 4cm after sowing, and often keeping the soil moist.

It is better to sow in spring, usually in the first ten days of May. 13 ~ 15 kg of seeds are needed per mu. Fill the bed and ridge with enough bottom water 5-6 days before sowing, and then sow seeds after the surface is dry. Ridge sowing: along the ridge, sowing seeds in 8-10 cm deep trenches on the ridge surface; bed sowing: opening 6-8 cm deep grooves every 15 cm horizontal bed to sow seeds. Cover the soil in time after sowing, 3 ~ 4 cm thick.

Irrigate at the right time after sowing, loosen the soil and weed in time, and topdressing urea once in the first ten days of July, 10 ~ 15 kg per mu. The height of the seedlings is 5 ~ 6 cm, leaving 15 ~ 20 seedlings per meter. After the seedlings, the soil should be irrigated in time. Before and after the seedlings are unearthed, it is necessary to control mole cricket and other underground pests in time. When the seedlings are just unearthed, strictly guard against the hardening of the bed, so as not to burn the tender seedlings.

As the seedlings are not unearthed neatly, so during the seedling unearthed, can not be ploughed loose soil, can only be used rake gently loose topsoil, so as not to damage the ununearthed buds. When the height of the seedling is about 10 centimeters, the seedlings are fixed between the seedlings, and the distance between the plants is 10 meters and 15 centimeters. 6Mel seedlings grow fast in August. According to the weather and seedling growth conditions, timely and appropriate amount of irrigation and topdressing, at the same time pay attention to the control of aphids. The height of the seedlings in that year can be up to 50 houses and 100 centimeters. The "four sides" greening can cultivate 2-year-old seedlings and change the bed according to the row spacing of 0.5 × 0.5 meters after the seedlings have fallen leaves at the end of autumn. the transplanted seedlings should not only strengthen the management of water and fertilizer and control diseases and insect pests, but also wipe buds and pruning in time to promote the straight growth of seedling trunks and cultivate large seedlings with satisfactory crown.

3.3 cultivation techniques. The growth of Gleditsia sinensis is more diffuse, so we should choose a place with rich and moist soil for afforestation. When planting "four sides" or sporadically planting, the distance between plants can be 3mur5 meters, and the size of the planting holes depends on the size of the seedlings and the purpose of cultivation. Generally, it is better to use a hole of 0.7 meters, and water should be irrigated in time after planting to ensure survival. 2 after 3 years, pruning should be carried out to promote the rapid growth of the trunk and pay attention to the prevention and control of shell insects.

Sow and reproduce. Because the seed coat is thick, the germination is slow and irregular, so the seeds must be soaked before sowing, and then the wet sand layer accumulates to promote germination. Before the seedlings are unearthed, attention should be paid to the control of mole cricket and other underground pests.

Gleditsia mandshurica cultivation management does not use medicine, long age, fast growth, drought-resistant and water-saving, nitrogen fixation, because the tree has thorns, not eaten by livestock, it is an eco-economic tree species for returning farmland to forest.