Introduction performance and cultivation techniques of Blueberry Variety Lanta

Introduction performance and cultivation techniques of blueberry variety Blue Tower

Vaccinium L. As an emerging small berry, due to its special nutritional value, it is gradually receiving more and more investors 'attention, and the planting area and yield are also increasing rapidly. Commercially grown blueberries are mainly blueberries, also known as blueberries. The cultivars currently used in production in China are introduced from abroad. Some varieties such as Meideng [1] and Beichun [2] are suitable for processing raw materials such as jam, while some varieties such as Lanfeng and Duke are more suitable for fresh fruits [3]. With the continuous development of planting industry, the demand for variety diversity is also increasing. The introduction of new excellent varieties has practical significance for enriching the fruit market and expanding the planting range of blueberry in China.

1 Introduction test process

Bluetta (formerly Bluetta) is a variety selected by the United States Department of Agriculture in cooperation with the New Jersey Agricultural Experimental Station in 1968. Its parents are (North Sedwick × Coville)× Earliblue, belonging to the North High Cluster Variety Group. In 1998, the clone progeny were introduced from America for pot culture observation. Seedlings were propagated by green branch cutting and tissue culture technology, and planted in the small berry experimental garden of Jilin Agricultural University in 2001 for field observation and primary selection. From 2005 to 2010, plot test and variety comparison test were carried out in the small berry experimental garden. Regional trials and production trials were conducted in central and eastern Jilin Province from 2010 to 2014, with North Spring varieties as controls. In addition, Dandong City, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, Mudanjiang City, Heilongjiang Province, Rushan City, Shandong Province, Qinhuangdao City, Hebei Province and other places have also carried out introduction experiments or promotion. In 2016, it was approved by Crop Variety Approval Committee of Jilin Province and named Blue Tower.

2 Variety characteristics

2.1 botanical characteristics

Blue tower tree posture upright to half open, moderate growth. 5-year-old trees are about 110~140cm tall and 80~ 100 cm in crown diameter. The new shoots are not hairy. Leaves elliptic. Leaf back without velutinous, leaf margin sharply serrate or entire margin, leaf surface smooth. Corolla medium to large, terete. The flower bud period corolla pink, after the flower blooms the corolla coloration changes pale or does not have, assumes the milky white. Corolla ridged. The ear density is medium. Sepals mostly erect. Fruit oblate to round. White flesh. The average fruit weight is 2.6g and the maximum is 3.5g.

2.2 growth and fruiting habit

The ability of basal shoot formation is medium, and the 4-year-old plant cluster has 4~7 basal shoots. Each fruiting branch has 4~8 flower buds, and the flower bud rate is 16.3%. Each ear has 3~8 fruits, and the natural fruit setting rate is more than 90%. The soluble solids content of fruit is 12.7%, soluble sugar 9.65%, organic acid 1.22%, vitamin C 4.5 mg/100g fresh fruit. Fruit pedicle scar moist, fruit powder medium thick. Fruit texture hard, fine pulp, flavor, sweet and sour palatability, quality.

The results of observation for many years in Changchun area show that it blooms in the middle and late May. The fruit began to color at the end of June, 10% ripened around July 7, and the harvest lasted 15~20 days. It takes about 50 days from flowering to fruit maturity, which is a very early maturing variety. Leaf buds germinated at the same time as flower buds (May 1) or a little later, and new shoots stopped growing from the middle of June to the first ten days of July, followed by secondary growth. Generally, new shoots grow 1 - 3 times a year. It stops growing at the end of September and begins to shed leaves after mid-October.

The results of plot experiment showed that the yield was 477.7 kg/666.7 m2 in the fifth year after planting. The average yield of 3~5 years after planting was 11.5% higher than that of control variety Beichun. The results of regional test and production test showed that the yield of the third and fourth years after planting increased by 4.7% and 7.8% respectively compared with the control (Table 1). It indicated that Lanta had good early yield and strong ability of continuous fruiting.

Table 1 Blue Tower regional test and production test yield

Note: 2-year-old seedlings were planted in 2011, with planting spacing of 1m ×2.5m.

3 Pests and climate adaptation

No serious disease occurred in the blue tower in Changchun area. Occasionally thorn moth, beetle, stink bug and so on slight harm. In Jilin Province, the serious shoot pulling phenomenon will occur if the soil is not buried for cold winter, and there is basically no yield. The method of burying soil for cold protection can safely overwinter. Blue pagoda grows normally in the open field in Rushan City, Shandong Province, and its maturity is slightly earlier than that of Zaolan and Duke varieties, usually beginning to mature on June 10.

Blue tower has the characteristics of extremely early maturity, high quality, high yield, stable yield and strong cold resistance. However, the fruit has poor storage and transportation resistance and short shelf life, which is more suitable for planting in sightseeing picking garden.

4 Key points of cultivation techniques

1. Seedling propagation. One-year-old seedlings were propagated by green branch cutting or tissue culture method, and after 2~3 years of cultivation, healthy and developed root seedlings were obtained. Site selection and soil preparation. Choose the flat land or gentle slope mountainous area with sufficient water source, no ponding, high organic matter content and suitable pH value to build the garden. Soil preparation is required before planting. The soil organic matter content is more than 5%, pH value 4.5~5.5 acid sandy loam is suitable. If the soil pH value is greater than 5.5, the whole garden shall be adjusted with sulfur powder according to the proportion one year before planting [3]. Generally, 0.367 kg sulfur powder (about 200 mesh) is needed for every 0.1 pH unit decrease of 100m2 sandy soil with pH value greater than 5.5, and 1.222 kg sulfur powder is needed for loam soil. Sulfur powder must be mixed evenly with the soil at a depth of 20cm. If the content of organic matter in soil is less than 5%, organic materials such as mixed peat soil should be added before planting to increase the content of organic matter.③ Planting. Most of the trees are planted in spring. Plant spacing 1m×2m or 1m× 2.5 m. According to the situation, flat cultivation, ridging cultivation or platform cultivation can be selected. Avoid planting too shallow or too deep. Pouring water in time after planting and keeping good soil moisture condition are the keys to obtain good survival rate. 4. Soil management. Tillage 80cm wide of the planting zone or cover 10cm thick with organic material (bark or sawdust, etc.) or horticultural cloth. The rows may be grassed, tilled or covered with gardening cloth. Organic material and grass mulch are not recommended for use in buried cold weather areas. Black plastic film is covered under the trees in the year of planting to improve the survival rate of planting and prevent weeds. Before winter, remove the plastic film and bury the cold-proof soil. 5. Fertilization. From germination to harvest. Fertilization can be divided into 4 times (about 3~4 weeks interval each time): germination period, young fruit expansion period after fruit setting, pollen period, harvest period. Dropper system is recommended for fertilization. Generally, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are applied in a balanced ratio of 1∶1∶1. Ammonium nitrogen was the main nitrogen fertilizer. Avoid chlorine fertilizer. Fertilizers can be selected: ammonium sulfate, potassium sulfate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, urea and so on. The amount and type of fertilizer applied each year should be determined according to tree growth results, soil fertility and soil pH. 6. Irrigation. The growing season should be irrigated according to soil moisture. Drip irrigation is best. Water source to pond, reservoir water is good. [00:03: 14.140] before freezing. 7. Trim. Winter pruning is dominant and is completed before germination in spring. Cold weather areas should be pruned immediately after soil removal. Immediately after planting, thin and weak branches are removed and stout basal branches are truncated. The seedlings planted in nutrient pots can be appropriately left with more branches. Bare root seedlings (or big tree transplant) must be re-cut. In the first two years after planting, flower buds should be thinned out, mainly cultured trees. The third year enters the economic fruiting period. 2~3 year old branch groups with strong fruit bearing ability of mature trees should be retracted or thinned out in time. 4~6 perennial branches and 4~6 basal branches shall be reserved for each clump, and thin and weak branches, diseased branches and dead branches shall be removed in time. Appropriate control of flower bud number in the peak fruiting stage to prevent premature senescence. Cold weather. In most areas of Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Hebei and other provinces, it is necessary to irrigate frozen water before freezing the soil, and then crush the plant clusters along one direction and bury the soil to the extent that it is buried tightly. Remove cold soil before spring germination. Avoid excessive force causing branches to break.