Grafting breeding techniques of Plum trees in Lingyuan City

Grafting breeding techniques of Plum trees in Lingyuan City

1 the growth environment of plum trees

We all know that the plum tree is very adaptable to the climate. It is a kind of temperate plant. We can see that when a large number of fruits are on the market, plums are a very common fruit and the price is also very cheap. Usually we can buy a lot of plums for a few yuan, and its output is also quite large. It also shows that its planting area is very large. For the requirements of planting conditions, it does not have high requirements for the growth environment. For soil, as long as the soil layer is relatively thick, there is a certain depth of soil, there is a certain degree of fertility, no matter any soil quality, it can perfectly adapt to its environment for planting. But the only point is that the humidity of the air and soil is relatively high. Once there is stagnant water or rainy days, if the drainage is not discharged in time, rotting roots may occur. Therefore, in the growth environment of plum trees, one of the requirements is to choose a relatively loose soil environment, the soil should be more breathable and well drained. The construction of our orchard should be carried out in a place where the soil layer is relatively deep, there is good drainage and the groundwater level is relatively low. For plum trees, some diseases or poor growth may occur, and some diseases and insect pests are likely to happen.

2 grafting time and preparation of plum trees

For the grafting time of plum trees, we usually choose around July, when the climate is more suitable, which is the best time for grafting. The grafting time can be adjusted slightly according to the different conditions of each region. In the first seven to ten days of grafting, we can first do some preparatory work by selecting strong peripheral branches to remove the heart, which can promote the scion to mature ahead of time, and the grafting site is usually selected at a distance of five to eight centimeters from the ground. this height is conducive to the early germination of grafted buds.

3Variety selection of plum tree

We can find that the varieties of plum trees are very rich. when plums are listed in large quantities every year, we can see different sizes, colors such as bright red, fuchsia, turquoise and so on, and their taste is also very different. the more traditional plum varieties in China are May plum, Jiaqing plum, jade yellow plum and so on. We also select many excellent foreign plum varieties to graft with our varieties to create a better taste of plums. Some plum tree varieties that are widely used in the current production include big plums from the United States, King Li from Japan and so on. We grafted different varieties together to cultivate plum varieties with better quality, better taste, stronger viability and other characteristics. Combine the excellent genes at home and abroad to get the goal we want.

4 the concrete operation of grafting

For grafting is mainly divided into three parts, preparation before grafting, grafting, maintenance after grafting, we will explain step by step.

4.1 treatment before grafting

Mainly for Jaime and scion treatment. For Jaime's treatment, we need to cut off the stumps of wild plum, peach and cherry trees that have been transplanted and survived by sawing them six to ten centimeters above the ground. At the same time, make some adjustments according to the shape of the tree. To use this stump as Jaime. Or for the treatment of scions, we will select sturdy, one-year-old semi-woody branches that have not yet unfolded leaves as spikes, and at the same time, we should properly keep and deal with these spikes. Handle it into a length of about five or six centimeters, leave five to seven buds, and wrap these spikes in wet cloth to facilitate our subsequent grafting.

4.2 the process of grafting

Because our Jaime is generally stout, so we often choose the split method, at the same time, this way is also beneficial to the subsequent healing, the interface healing speed will be very fast and the success rate will be very high. Grafting is done when James buds begin to sprout or have already sprouted but have not yet spread their leaves.

The day before the grafting, we have to water James once, flatten Jaime's interface with a knife, then split a gap of about three centimeters, then take our scion out of the wet cloth and trim the lower interface into a wedge that fits the split, leaving only two or three buds on the top. Insert the scion into the split and align it tightly. Then we use a wide plastic sheet to tie up, be sure to tie the upper end of the interface tightly, because this can prevent moisture volatilization and diseases and insect pests. At the same time, when the grafting conditions are relatively dry, we should plug some cotton balls covered with moisture inside and cover them with transparent plastic bags.

4.3 maintenance after grafting

For the maintenance after grafting, we should cut off the buds where the buds grow to three to five centimeters, leave a few leaves on Jaime and cut Jaime after the buds germinate. At the same time, the later stage should be watered at the right time. When watering, we should also pay attention to its dosage to prevent the rotten roots of the plum tree. at the same time, we should also pay attention to the growth of the roots, so that the roots develop and thrive, so as to lay a good foundation for growing into a mature fruit tree in the future.

5 other methods of breeding

Above we mainly introduce the splitting method of plum tree grafting, through other methods we can also breed plum trees. For example, cutting seedling method, separate plant seedling method, these are very good cultivation methods. Each method has its own different applicable conditions and should pay attention to in the operation, the most important thing is that we should choose the most appropriate breeding method for different varieties and environments to achieve the maximum survival rate.

Plum tree as a better cultivated plant, it has relatively low environmental requirements in the process of breeding, and the survival rate at the same time. It is very high, but in the concrete realization of the grafting and breeding of plum trees, there should be a lot of attention, and the concrete realization of many steps should be adjusted according to the varieties we choose, the local environment and other factors. at the same time, in many steps, we have to operate in accordance with the operating standards to ensure that our survival rate is very high, but also to lay the foundation for the cultivation of good new varieties.