Management Technology of Grape in Spring in Wuqing District of Tianjin

Management Technology of Grape in Spring in Wuqing District of Tianjin

Spring is the key season of grape management and the key period related to the final yield benefit of growers. Strengthening the management of spring grape is the most concerned problem for grape growers. To do a good job in grape spring management, we should pay attention to the following six aspects.

1 clear the garden

1.1 determine the time when the grapes were unearthed

The time when the grapes were unearthed should be determined according to the local temperature. When the surface temperature exceeds 12 ℃, the grapes begin to be unearthed and the roots begin to move in order to absorb nutrients. If unearthed earlier, it is easy to encounter cold in late spring. In addition, if the grape is unearthed early and heats up early, the grape will sprout and grow quickly and exuberantly, and it is easy to produce the phenomenon of large and small grains. The grape sprouted and grew slowly and grew relatively weak due to late unearthed and late heating. For exuberant old grapes unearthed late can play a role in controlling exuberant growth, if unearthed late, it is easy to appear blind bud, dead bud phenomenon. Therefore, the time when grapes are unearthed should be controlled according to the temperature when the surface temperature exceeds 12 ℃, or according to the flowering time of local apricot trees (the flowering time of apricot trees is about March May every year, but it also depends on the specific region and local weather conditions, apricot trees usually blossom in March and the north of the Yangtze River basin does not blossom until April or May), apricot trees bloom and grapes are unearthed. Try to avoid bud damage and damage bud eyes when unearthed.

1.2 complex shearing

Re-shearing is the continuation and supplement of winter shearing, also known as spring pruning. The main task is to deal with the missing branches in winter pruning, remove the diseases and insect branches, dry and withered branches in winter, remove or shrink the dense branches and weak branches to the suitable position, and adjust the number of flowers and branches. Its purpose is to adjust the tree structure, balance the relationship between growth and fruit, and achieve high quality, stable yield and high yield. After re-pruning, all the residual branches and rotten leaves should be removed, buried or burned outside the garden.

1.3 Administration of drugs

After the garden is unearthed, medicine should be administered during the period when the flower bud is not fully expanded. Generally, the stone sulfur mixture of 3 ~ 5 Baume degree or sulfur water dispersible granule (German BASF standard) is used to spray Qingyuan together with propiophos (Duochongqing) 1 500 ~ 2 000 times. Within 2 m width of branches and planting ditches, it is appropriate to spray all kinds of eggs and germs to the branches and ground, so as to remove white rot and downy mildew from branches and reduce the occurrence of diseases.

2 strapping vines on the shelf

When the trees are on the shelves, the trees in the full tree stage will be put on the shelves after removing the soil, and the buds will be easily knocked off after being put on the shelves too late. Young trees, in order to sprout neatly, can be put on the shelves for a few days and wait for the budding eyes to sprout before getting on the shelves. Getting on the shelf too early is easy to form upper strength and lower weakness, and even cause baldness in the middle and lower parts, so that the yield is affected. When binding the vine, tie the grape vine to the frame along the growth direction and inclination of the previous year, and pay attention to leaving room for the branch growth. When getting on the shelf, handle it gently to avoid sprains, sprains and budding eyes. It is best to use horse lotus grass, corn husk, straw or rag strips to avoid binding with plastic ropes that are not flexible or perishable, so as not to restrict the thickening of branches. When binding, first tie the rope on the wire, and then twist it into an "8" shape, close the branches and tie the buckle, so that the branches are fixed in the buckle, so that the branches are not directly close to the lead wire, leaving room for the branches to grow.

3 fertilizing

Fertilization is partial to spring fertilizer, generally not much in autumn, this practice has a great impact on the quality and quality of grapes, so if there is no autumn fertilization, it is necessary to make up for the lack of nutrition in spring fertilization. According to the yield of the previous year, the gardens that did not apply base fertilizer last autumn should use 45% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 50 ~ 75 kg per 667m2, plus 10 kg of the second generation probiotic fertilizer, all around the root system, 50 ~ 60 cm away from the trunk, 20 ~ 30 cm from the trench, and irrigated once. However, it should be noted that if the tree was particularly strong in the previous year, when the diameter of the branch group reached more than 1 cm, and the land was not particularly dry, try not to apply fertilizer to control the tree potential to prevent it from growing too strong and producing large and small grains in the later stage. If autumn fertilization has been carried out, only about 15 kg of urea should be applied every 667m2.

4 sprouting and de-sprouting

Sprouting and de-sprouting are the key to determine grape growth.

4.1 smear buds

The early or late sprouting is determined according to the tree potential. If the tree is weak and the diameter of the fruiting branch is between 0.6 and 1 cm, the buds should be wiped early and the buds should be wiped in the middle of April to leave strong buds. When the diameter of the fruiting branch is more than 1 cm, the tree is strong, so it is necessary to wipe the buds late and keep the strong buds and weak buds. There is also a time limit for late sprouting. When all the new shoots grow to 10 ~ 15 cm, apply strong buds and leave weak buds, in order to reduce the occurrence of large and small grains, and weight loss to the tree can also increase the yield.

4.2 removing cuteness

The root grows a lot of new branches, which will consume a lot of nutrients and need to be removed as soon as possible. Do not leave any fruiting branches and shoots within 30 cm from the surface. Ensure ventilation and light below to prevent the germination of white rot and anthrax in the later stage.

(5) thinning inflorescences, picking hearts from new shoots (pinching)

Sparse inflorescence, new shoot pick heart (pinching tip) is picking heart and thinning fruit, thinning inflorescence. The purpose of inflorescence thinning is to ensure the neatness and consistency of fruit grains and improve the quality of fruit. The aim of new shoot picking is to control the top dominance, control the nutrient consumption, promote the nutrient return and improve the fruit setting rate before flowering. It is very important to determine the pinching time, which must be 2-3 days before flowering. Because the temperature is different in different years, the specific time cannot be determined. The common method is that when the strongest tree in your orchard blossoms, the whole orchard blossoms immediately, and it should be pinched right now. Pinching the tip is the same as wiping the bud, according to the tree potential to decide how many leaves to leave. First of all, pinch the ear tip, pinch off the 1-4-4-pound 5 ear tip, and at the same time remove the basal shoulder ear to reduce the nutrient consumption. Secondly, pinching and pinching new shoots leave a few leaves, there is no absolute number. The principle of pinching new shoots is that the leaves above inflorescence are larger than normal leaves 1, 3, and less than 1, remove all leaves. That is to say, the second or third leaf can represent the size of a normal leaf in the fruiting branch group. From top to bottom, those that can reach this normal leaf 1apace 3 will be left, and those that cannot be reached will be pinched out. It is proved that the consumption of nutrients is more than that of production, and the nutrients can not be returned to fruit setting. If more than 1 jump 3, more nutrients are produced than consumed, and more leaves are left. After pinching, secondary secondary shoots grow, and secondary secondary shoots also grow leaves, and they also need to be pinched repeatedly. When the leaves that grow secondary secondary shoots are pinched according to the second leaf 1 beat 3, they should also be pinched from the tip down, leaving them to be pinched off. After pinching, set aside the secondary tip three times, set aside 2-3 leaves to strangle to death, pinched repeatedly on it. In the later stage, when the photosynthesis of the first generation leaves began to decline and aging, the second generation leaves began to produce nutrients, and when the second generation leaves aged, the third generation leaves began to produce nutrients, and the new leaves kept producing nutrients for the ear fruit, resulting in higher yield and better quality.

(6) Disease and pest control

6.1 7 days before sprouting, the whole garden was sprayed with 3 ~ 5 Baomedo stone sulfur mixture or 10 ~ 20 times ammonium sulfate solution to prevent black pox and so on.

6.2 during the inflorescence separation period at the beginning of May, emphasis should be placed on the control of two insect pests, namely, the blind spring elephant and the tobacco thrips. It can be sprayed with deltamethrin plus fipronil (Ruidan) 1000 times or snail hexyl ester (mu Wangte) 5000 times plus Bingsen zinc (Antaisheng) 800 times. That is to prevent disease and supplement zinc, reduce the occurrence of large and small particles. Before flowering, the grapes were sprayed once more with zinc propionate plus 5 000 times of hexylhexyl chloride or 1 000 times of fipronil to prevent pests from biting fruit.

6.3 spraying 2 000-fold solution of boron again at full flowering can promote the growth of pollen tube, increase the probability of pollination and reduce the occurrence of grain size.

6.4 apply fully mature and fermented organic fertilizer. If the organic fertilizer is not mature and fermented, root retting or root burning will occur. It is necessary to apply more Yishengyuan or probiotics (beneficial microorganisms), or sprinkle 300 g ·667 mm2 of pine essence on the surface, and then water it.