High-yielding cultivation techniques of Super Rice Golden Silk Seedling throwing Seedling

High-yielding cultivation techniques of Super Rice Golden Silk Seedling throwing Seedling

Jinnongsi Miao is a super rice variety bred by Rice Research Institute of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences. It was approved by Guangdong Province in 2010 and recognized as a super rice variety by the state in 2012. In 2012, it was listed as the leading variety in Guangdong Province in 2012. since 2011, Zhanjiang Agricultural Science Research Institute has introduced this variety into Zhanjiang City for demonstration and extension. By 2015, Super Rice Jinnong Seedling has been promoted by 36000 hm2 in Zhanjiang City. The general yield can reach 7 500 kg/hm2, and the high yield field can reach 9 000 kg/hm2. The popularization and application of Jinnong silk seedlings of high yield and high quality super rice won the second prize of agricultural technology extension in Guangdong Province in 2015.

1 planting performance

1.1 characteristics

Jinnong silk seedling is a temperature-sensitive conventional rice variety, which has been popularized and planted in Zhanjiang City in recent years. The whole growth period of early breeding is about 123 days, and that of late growing is 108 days. The tillering ability is strong, the plant type is concentrated, the leaf color is dark green, the leaf posture is straight, the ear is long and large, the late mature color is good, the lodging resistance is strong, and the cold tolerance is medium. The plant height is about 105 cm. The number of effective panicles is 3 million ears / hm2, the total grains per panicle is 150, the seed setting rate is 85%, and the weight of 1000 grains is about 19 g. The grain type belongs to Guangdong silk seedling type, and the rice quality reaches the second grade of national standard and provincial standard. The rice is soft and smooth, strong in taste, flexible and good in taste. Moderately resistant to bacterial blight and susceptible to rice blast.

1.2 yield performance

The general yield of popularized planting in Zhanjiang City is 7,500 kg/hm2, and the high yield can reach 9000 kg/hm2, which is 600 million 900 kg/hm2 higher than that of the leading varieties planted in Zhanjiang City, an increase of 10% to 15%. Zhanjiang Comprehensive demonstration and training Station of Rice Industry Technology system in Guangdong Province in early 2012 planted 66.7 hm2 and 6.7 hm2 in Shizidun Village, Yingzi Town, Lianjiang City. The highest yield of Jinnong silk seedlings reached 9,375 kg/hm2 and the lowest yield reached 8 035.5 kg/hm2, an increase of 11.6% compared with the local main varieties. The demonstration piece of rice with ten thousand mu of high yield was established by the Ministry of Agriculture in early 2013. Jinnong silk seedling, as the main variety, was checked and accepted by provincial, municipal and county experts, and the average yield reached 9 274.5 kg/hm2. On November 6, 2014, Zhanjiang Municipal Bureau of Agriculture organized an expert group to examine and accept the demonstration piece of "Super Hybrid Rice High yield demonstration", a provincial agricultural science and technology extension project undertaken by Zhanjiang Agricultural Science Research Institute in 2012. the total cutting area was 0.204 hm2, the total weight of wet millet was 2 247.3 kg, the average yield of wet millet was 11 016 kg/hm2, and the yield of broken dry millet was 9 033 kg/hm2 based on the average drying rate of 82%. The results of popularization in recent years show that Jinnongsi seedling is a rice variety with outstanding super-high yield performance, wide adaptability and good yield stability.

(2) cultivation techniques of throwing seedlings

2.1 preparation before raising seedlings

2.1.1 selected seeds. The amount of seeds used for throwing rice seedlings is relatively small, and the seeds should be selected with salt water before sowing. The concentration of salt water should be set up by fresh eggs and float to the surface of the water. The 1000-grain weight of Jinnong silk seedling rice seed is relatively small. The seed weight of each seedling plate is 35g and 40g, and the seed consumption is about 22.5kg/hm2.

2.1.2 seed disinfection. In general, strong chlorine essence solution is used for seed soaking and disinfection, the method is to soak Jinnong silk seedling seeds with clear water for 12 hours, pick up and control dry water, and then soak them in 85% strong chlorine 300 times 500 times solution for 12 hours [Yoshanhua Yao]. Then rinse clean with clean water to accelerate germination and sow.

2.1.3 moderate budding. Whether using pond mud or dry mud, the time for rice seed germination should not be too long. It is generally seen that rice seeds can be sowed when rice seeds are white, and they must be sowed when the root grows and the coleoptile does not come out at the latest. The principle of sprouting is to break the chest and expose white as the standard [2]. The general budding time is 36-48 h in early planting and 24 h in late sprouting.

2.1.4 prepare the seedling plate. Jinnong silk seedling has strong tillering ability, and it is generally arranged to throw seedling 270000 ~ 300,000 plants / hm2 in paddy field. Therefore, we should follow the principle of sparse fertile fields and dense thin fields, and determine the number of seedling trays according to the soil fertility of the fields. Generally, 561-hole seedling trays are needed for 570,675 / hm2.

2.2 sowing and raising seedlings

Generally speaking, rice seedling throwing and sowing is 7-10 days later than local transplanting. In early planting in Zhanjiang City, the sowing date can be arranged in the middle and last ten days of March, the seedling stage is 15-25 days, and the late planting is sown in the middle and late July, and the seedling raising period is 10-12 days.

2.2.1 sowing. Two kinds of soil are usually used for throwing seedlings on floppy disk. When sowing with pond mud, first arrange the seedling tray on the seedling bed, fill the prepared pond mud with the seedling tray before sowing, and then press the seeds; when sowing with dry mud, first determine the soil loading of the seedling tray (fill the soil with 1 or 2 seedling plates, scrape it flat, and then pour the soil out to weigh it). Then, according to the amount of soil to be sown, the imported compound fertilizer (ground) 3.75 kg/hm2 was mixed evenly with soil and grain, then poured into the seedling plate, scraped, compacted and drenched with water.

2.2.2 Seedling management. Seedling management is the key to the quality of seedlings. The optimum temperature for rice seedling emergence is 2832 ℃. Therefore, after early sowing, nylon film must be covered for heat preservation and moisturization. after emergence, the weather warms up and clears up, and then uncover the film to refine the seedlings [3]. The temperature in the late sowing period is high, and the rainstorm weather is much, so it is necessary to cover the sunshade net for moisturizing and rain protection after sowing. Immediately after emergence, we should uncover the film and refine the seedlings, and pay attention to watering the seedlings twice a day (there is no need to water in the paddy field) to prevent the seedlings from dying in the sun. In the two-leaf stage of seedlings, 10% urine water or 1% urea water should be sprayed as weaning fertilizer, and insecticides should be sprayed 2-3 days before seedling throwing to control pests. Stop watering one day before throwing seedlings to ensure that the seedlings are dry and easy to drop and throw seedlings.

2.3 Application of basic fertilizer for soil preparation

When throwing rice seedlings, rake the fields, rake them flat, and rake the fields one day in advance, so that the soil can settle for a period of time, so as not to affect the growth of seedlings when throwing seedlings. Applying sufficient base fertilizer is the key to obtain high yield. In order to ensure the high and stable yield of rice, a certain amount of farm manure must be applied in rice fields, that is, chicken manure 2250 kg/hm2, pig manure 7500 kg/hm2, or peanut cake 375 kg/hm2. And compost together with phosphate fertilizer 375mol / kg/hm2 20-30d in advance, and apply it when raking the field.

2.4 throwing seedlings in shallow water

Honda maintains a layer of shallow water when throwing seedlings. The seedlings were divided into two tosses. For the first time, scatter and throw 70% of the seedlings, grab a handful of seedlings with your hands, spread and throw seedlings upward, and let the seedlings fall freely; the second time, only a few seedlings are thrown at a time, and the remaining 30% of the seedlings are filled to a relatively sparse place. The suitable seedling age for throwing seedlings is 3.0-3.5 leaves, the younger the seedling age is, the easier it is to set up seedlings, and the stronger the tillering ability is, the easier it is to obtain high yield, but the higher the smoothness of Honda. The tillering ability of Jinnong silk seedlings is strong, and the seedling throwing density should be determined according to the actual production, soil fertility and seedling quality. The suitable plates / hm2 for middle and low yield fields, 525 plates / hm2 for fertile fields and 270000 ~ 300,000 plants / hm2 for throwing seedlings are better.

2.5 Fertilizer Management

Jinnong silk seedling throwing cultivation, rapid growth and development in the early stage, large amount of fertilizer needed; excessive population in the middle stage, need to control the amount of fertilizer; easy to early senescence in the later stage, need to apply panicle fertilizer [4]. The principle of "front foot, middle control and later supplement" should be grasped in the law of fertilization. The specific amount and time of chemical fertilizer application are as follows: urea 75 kg/hm2, topdressing for the first time 6-7 days after seedling throwing, general application of urea 150 kg/hm2+ herbicide butachlor 1200 mL/hm2, and the second topdressing 12-14 days after throwing seedlings, 120 kg/hm2 urea and 150 kg/hm2 potassium chloride. 35 days after seedling throwing, chemical fertilizer was applied to young ears, that is, urea 60 kg/hm2 and potassium chloride 90 kg/hm2; were applied 50 days after seedling throwing, and urea 30.0-37.5 kg/hm2 was applied at the stage of differentiation Ⅷ depending on climatic conditions and leaf color.

2.6 Water management

The water management of rice seedling throwing is basically the same as that of conventional cultivation. While paying attention to seedling throwing in shallow water, it is necessary to drain and dry the field as soon as possible, open the field 25-30 days after seedling throwing, delay the sandy field appropriately, and sun up the low-lying field and soiled paddy field in advance.

2.7 Disease and pest control

The prevention and control of diseases and insect pests is the main control, and sparse planting is the best control measure. Disease and pest prediction is an important means of prevention and control. All localities should organize plant protection technicians to do a good job in disease and pest prediction in time and conscientiously implement prevention and control measures.