Study on cultivation techniques of potted blueberry

Study on cultivation techniques of potted blueberry

The fund project Sichuan Science and Technology Department key Research and Development Project (2017NZ0026); Sichuan Financial Innovation capacity Promotion Project (2016ZYPZ-010).

Blueberry, the scientific name blueberry, belongs to the rhododendron family blueberry genus perennial deciduous or evergreen shrub. Blueberry is a small berry, the fruit is blue, the surface is covered with a layer of white fruit powder; blueberry pulp is delicate, the seed is very small, sour and sweet, unique flavor, refreshing and juicy, and has a refreshing and pleasant aroma, it is a good fresh fruit. Blueberry is rich in anthocyanins, polyphenols, flavonoids, VC and other natural antioxidants, which can improve memory and vision, anti-aging, anti-oxidation, enhance human immunity, anti-cancer and bacteriostasis and other health functions. The nutritional value of blueberry is much higher than that of apples, grapes, oranges and other fruits, which can be called "the king of the third generation of fruits in the world".

Blueberry is a new type of fruit with high nutrition and health care value, which has great development potential and broad market prospects. Blueberry is a shallow root plant with no root hair, underdeveloped root system, many slender roots, few stout roots and fibrous roots. At the same time, blueberry has strict requirements on soil conditions, and the most ideal soil type is loose, aerated, moist, acid sandy loam or peat soil [Jishan Huayao]. The pot experiment is to put the medium in a special container and carry out the crop cultivation experiment under artificial control. Because it can strictly control the conditions of water, nutrients, even temperature and light, it is conducive to the precise determination of the effects of various factors, so it is convenient to carry out single-factor experimental research, which is difficult to carry out exploratory experiments under field conditions. At present, there are many reviews on blueberry pot technology, mainly focusing on the variety selection and pot technology of blueberry, but there is no specific research on the formula of nutrient soil and the ratio of fertilizer. By studying the effects of different nutrient soil formulations and fertilizer ratios on the growth of potted blueberries, this paper aims to provide guidance for efficient field cultivation techniques for large-scale cultivation of blueberries. at the same time, it can satisfy people to plant blueberry bonsai in balcony and courtyard to beautify the family environment by observing leaves, flowers and fruits.

1 materials and methods

1.1 Test materials

The biennial robust cuttings of blueberry varieties in the heyday of South Gaocong and along the coast came from the seedling greenhouse of the research base of the Institute of Economic crop breeding and cultivation of Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, with a height of more than 25 cm. The test pot is a plastic flowerpot with an outer diameter of 30 cm, a height of 20 cm and a bottom diameter of 18 cm. The tested fertilizers are commercial organic fertilizer, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium sulfate and potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, and the biochemical agents are sulfur powder and phoxim.

1.2 Experimental design

1.2.1 nutrient soil formula test. In a completely randomized single factor experimental design, three nutrient soil formulations were set up, that is, according to the proportion of peat soil ∶ sawdust ∶ raw soil 4 ∶ 4 ∶ 2 (A), 3 ∶ 3 ∶ 4 (B), 4 ∶ 3 ∶ 3 (C), respectively, the nutrient soil was mixed as blueberry pot nutrient soil. 10 pots were planted in each treatment, 1 plant in each pot, repeated twice. Before loading, the nutritious soil needs to add appropriate amount of sulfur powder to adjust acid, so that its pH value is between 4.5 and 4.8, which is the optimum soil pH value for blueberry growth [15]. Before planting blueberry seedlings in a pot, 12.5 g organic fertilizer and 7.5 g phoxim were added in each pot, and mixed well, then planted in a pot. This experiment was planted on October 9, 2015 and placed in the open field.

1.2.2 experiment on topdressing ratio of potted blueberries. Using the completely randomized single factor experimental design, four fertilizer ratio treatments were set up: treatment 1: potassium dihydrogen phosphate and ammonium sulfate were mixed at the ratio of 1 ∶ 1; treatment 2: potassium dihydrogen phosphate and ammonium sulfate were mixed at the ratio of 2 ∶ 1; treatment 3: potassium sulfate compound fertilizer; CK: no application of any chemical fertilizer as control. After planting blueberries in pot for one month, 10 g / plant was applied every 15 days according to the above fertilizer ratio, first dissolved in water and then irrigated; 10 pots were planted in each treatment, 1 plant in each pot, repeated twice. This experiment was planted on October 9, 2015 and placed in the open field.

1.3 contents and methods of investigation

After the pot blueberry was planted, the plant height, stem diameter and the number of basal branches were measured as the initial value, and after growing for one year, the plant height, stem diameter and the number of basal branches were measured again, so as to calculate the growth of each pot blueberry under different experimental treatments.

2 results and analysis

2.1 effects of different nutrient soil formulations on the growth of potted blueberries compared with other fruit trees, blueberries have more stringent requirements on soil conditions, requiring soil pH value of 4.0-5.5, organic matter content of 8%-12%, at least not less than 5%, loose and breathable texture, good water retention, moist soil but no stagnant water. It can be seen from Table 1 that the optimum nutrient soil formula for booming potted plants is the mixture of peat soil ∶ sawdust ∶ raw soil = 4 ∶ 3 ∶ 3 (treatment C). The plant height, stem diameter and branch amount increased by 26.33 cm, 2.06 mm and 5 respectively. It can be seen from Table 2 that the optimum nutrient soil formula for coastal potted plants is the mixture of peat soil ∶ sawdust ∶ raw soil = 3 ∶ 3 ∶ 4 (treatment B). The plant height, stem diameter and branch amount increased by 37.00 cm, 3.12 mm and 5 respectively. The analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences in the effects of different nutrient soil formulations on the growth of two blueberry varieties, in which the plant height reached a very significant difference at 0.01 level, and the F values were 18.90 and 20.99, respectively. Therefore, the most suitable nutrient soil formula for different blueberry varieties is different, and pot blueberry needs to adjust its nutrient soil formula according to blueberry varieties.

Table 1 effects of different nutrient soil formulations on the growth of potted blueberries

Note: capital letters in the same column in the table indicate significant differences at 0.01 level. Same as below.

Table 2 effects of different nutrient soil formulations on the growth of potted blueberries (coastal)

2.2 effect of different topdressing ratio on the growth of potted blueberry

Blueberry is an oligotrophic plant with shallow root distribution and no root hair, so improper fertilization is easy to cause root and tree damage. Table 3 showed that the best effect of potted blueberry was topdressing potassium dihydrogen phosphate and ammonium sulfate (2 ∶ 1) with 10 g / plant every 15 days (treatment 2). The increase of plant height, stem diameter and branch yield were 34.34 cm, 3.76 mm and 5, respectively, and the increase of plant height was 2.78 times that of CK. Table 4 showed that the best effect of potted coastal blueberry was topdressing 10 g potassium dihydrogen phosphate and ammonium sulfate (2 ∶ 1) every 15 days (treatment 2). The plant height, stem diameter and branch yield increased by 36.33 cm, 3.46 mm and 2 plants, respectively, and the increase of plant height was 1.65 times that of CK. The analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences in the effects of different topdressing ratios on the growth of two blueberry varieties, in which the plant height reached a very significant difference at 0.01 level, and the F values were 26.79 and 10.92, respectively. The results showed that the optimum topdressing ratio of potted blueberry was the mixture of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and ammonium sulfate at the ratio of 2 ∶ 1, and the effect of topdressing 10 g per plant every 15 days was the best, and blueberry grew well.

Table 3 effect of different topdressing ratio on the growth of potted blueberry (heyday)

Table 4 effect of different topdressing ratio on the growth of potted blueberry (coastal)

3 conclusion and discussion

There are many factors affecting the growth of potted blueberry, such as nutrient soil formula, fertilization ratio, water management, plant pruning and pest control and so on. In this study, the nutrient soil formula and fertilization ratio of potted blueberry were studied. The results showed that the optimum nutrient soil formula of different blueberry varieties was different. The fertilization ratio was mixed with potassium dihydrogen phosphate and ammonium sulfate according to 2 ∶ 1, and the effect of topdressing 10 g / plant every 15 days was the best. Blueberry grew well.

Pot blueberries in water management, to keep the soil moist, there can be no stagnant water at the bottom of the basin, otherwise it will lead to poor soil permeability and root rot. In the process of pot blueberry growth, proper shaping and pruning should be carried out to balance the contradiction between vegetative growth and reproductive growth, so as to achieve the purpose of ventilation, light and air permeability, and achieve high yield and high quality. The planting technology of potted blueberries is relatively simple, and it is easy to grow in the family yard, balcony and roof, which can not only beautify the environment, but also harvest blueberries. Potted blueberries can watch leaves, flowers and fruits, so that blueberry lovers can create an ornamental art park with blueberries as the main body in a short time, which is conducive to the development and utilization of blueberry-related products and promote the development of blueberry-related industries.