Study on off-season hydroponic culture of Aralia elata

Study on off-season hydroponic culture of Aralia elata

The basic Research Project of the Department of Education (2016-KYYWF-0576) and the Science and Technology Innovation Project of Jiamusi University (xsyd2016-04).

Aralia elata, also known as thorn old bud, thorn tender bud, is a perennial woody plant of Acanthopanax family. Aralia elata is a deciduous tree with strong cold tolerance and a wide range of adaptation. it is mainly distributed in Northeast China and is mostly born in coniferous or coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests.

The buds germinated at the top of Aralia elata branches are rich in nutrition, fresh flavor, containing protein, fat, crude fiber, sugars, vitamins, trace elements and other nutrients, belonging to the treasures of wild vegetables. The whole plant of Aralia elata can be used as a medicinal plant, which has the effects of anti-cancer, invigorating qi and calming the mind, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, diuresis and detumescence, and can be used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, chronic gastritis, hepatitis, myocardial ischemia and other diseases.

The tender buds of Aralia elata can be picked for 2 crops in spring, and the yield is not high. Due to the decrease of natural forest area year by year in recent years, coupled with destructive and predatory harvesting in some areas, and even stem cutting and transplanting, Aralia elata resources have been sharply reduced, which is in danger of extinction in some areas. Therefore, more and more farmers begin to carry out artificial cultivation through seed reproduction. However, the traditional artificial cultivation methods can only meet the demand of seasonal products, and for a long time, they can only pick buds for themselves or sell them in May, which is far from meeting the needs of the market. The use of hydroponic culture technology to carry out out-of-season production has the advantages of low cost, simple operation process, labor-saving, easy to popularize, quick effect and remarkable benefit, which can meet people's demand for products in winter. it has a very broad development prospect to develop the hydroponic culture production of Longya tree.

1 materials and methods

1.1 Test materials

The tested materials are Aralia elata plants planted in the experimental field of Jiamusi University in Heilongjiang Province for 2 years.

1.2 Test method

1.2.1 Collection and processing of stem segments. In the middle of November, the branches with strong, intact bark and full terminal buds were cut off, and two buds were retained at the top of each branch to wait for new buds to sprout. The branches were cut into 45 cm long and divided into 0.8,1.0,1.2 cm3 groups according to the branch diameter, and 15 branches were tied into a bundle. Soak in different concentrations of gibberellin for different time to break dormancy and promote bud germination.

1.2.2 selection of the best treatment method. Using orthogonal test, gibberellin concentration, gibberellin soaking time and stem diameter were taken as three factors, and three levels were selected for the experiment. Using L9 (33) orthogonal experimental design and soaking in water as control, the specific factors and levels are shown in Table 1.

Table 1 factors and levels of orthogonal test

1.3 contents and methods of investigation

Control room temperature 18 ℃, humidity 80%, change water every 3 days. Observe the time of bud germination, and take 50% branch germination as the germination time. When the number of branches no longer changed, the germination rate was calculated. After hydroponic culture for 30 days, 5 branches were randomly selected from each treatment, and the length of buds was measured. Take 10 branches from each treatment, pick the top buds and weigh them mixed.

1.4 data processing and analysis

The data were calculated and plotted with Excel 2003, and the data were analyzed by SPSS 2003 software.

2 results and analysis

2.1 effects of different treatments on the germination time of shoot buds

After hydroponic culture, the sprouting time of branches was observed every day, and the results were shown in Table 2. The results of range analysis showed that RB > RA > RC, indicating that the effect of three factors on germination time was soaking time (B) > gibberellin concentration (A) > stem diameter (C). Among the three factors selected in the experiment, gibberellin soaking time had the most significant effect on germination time, followed by gibberellin concentration. The best combination of A2B2C3 and A3B2C1 was gibberellin concentration of 60 mg/kg, soaking time of 24 h, stem diameter of 1.2 cm and gibberellin concentration of 90 mg/kg, soaking time of 24 h and stem diameter of 0.8 cm. The germination time of the two treatments was the fastest, which was 7 days, and that of the control treatment was 17 days. Thus it can be seen that the use of gibberellin plays a very significant role in breaking the dormancy of branches and accelerating the germination of buds.

Table 2 effects of different treatments on germination time of shoot buds

2.2 effects of different treatments on the germination rate of shoot buds

After 15 days of hydroponic culture, the germination number of branches in each treatment was investigated and the germination rate was calculated. The results are shown in figure 1. It can be seen that after hydroponic culture for 15 days, except for treatment 4 and treatment 6, the germination rates of each treatment, treatment 4 and treatment 6 were 100%, 93.33% and 86.67%, respectively. The results showed that the factors set in the experiment had no significant effect on the germination rate. The germination rate of treatment 4 and treatment 6 was lower than that of other treatments, which may be due to the insufficient terminal bud of the branch or the lack of nutrients stored in the branch itself.

Fig. 1 germination rate of branches with different treatments

2.3 effects of different treatments on shoot length

After 30 days of hydroponic culture, the length of buds was measured, and the results were shown in Table 3. The results of range analysis in Table 3 showed that RB > RC > RA, which showed that the effect of three factors on bud length was soaking time (B) > stem diameter (C) > gibberellin concentration (A). Among the three factors, gibberellin soaking time had the most significant effect on bud length, followed by stem diameter. The best treatment combination was A3B2C1, that is, gibberellin concentration 90 mg/kg, soaking time 24 h, stem diameter 0.8 cm. The bud length of this treatment was 16.9 cm. The bud length of the control treatment was 24.67 cm, which was higher than that of each treatment, indicating that the use of gibberellin limited the growth of buds.

2.4 effects of different treatments on fresh weight of shoot buds

After hydroponic culture for 30 days, 10 germinated branches were cut at the base of the bud, mixed and weighed together. The results are shown in Table 4. The results of range analysis showed that RC > RA > RB, indicating that the effects of the three factors on the fresh weight of buds were in the following order: stem diameter (C) > gibberellin concentration (A) > soaking time (B). Among the three factors in the experiment, the stem diameter had the most significant effect on the fresh weight of buds, followed by the concentration of gibberellin. The best treatment combination was A3B1C3, that is, gibberellin concentration 90 mg/kg, soaking time 12 h, stem diameter 1.2 cm. The fresh weight of tender buds was 79.63g. The fresh weight of buds in the control treatment was 31.54 g, which was lower than that in the 6 treatments in the experiment, indicating that the appropriate level of each factor in the experiment was beneficial to the improvement of fresh weight.

Table 3 length of buds under different treatments

Table 4 fresh weight of buds under different treatments

3 conclusion and discussion

When Aralia elata branches were cultured in water in winter, gibberellin concentration, soaking time and branch diameter had certain effects on bud germination time, bud length and fresh weight. The germination rate of buds mainly depends on the situation of the branches themselves, and has nothing to do with the three factors set in the experiment.

The most important factor affecting germination time was gibberellin soaking time, followed by gibberellin concentration. The results showed that gibberellin played a significant role in breaking the dormancy of branches and could accelerate the germination of buds. The most important factor affecting bud length was soaking time, followed by branch diameter. The use of gibberellin inhibited the length of buds to a certain extent. Considering that it is suitable to pick when the bud length is 10-15 cm in production, the inhibitory effect of gibberellin on bud length is acceptable. The most important factor affecting the fresh weight of buds was the diameter of branches, followed by the concentration of gibberellin. According to the results of the experiment, in order to quickly obtain the shoots of Aralia elata with high yield, the shoots with a diameter of 1.2 cm could be selected and soaked in 90 mg/kg gibberellin for 24 h. After 30 days of culture, the buds could be harvested when the buds grew about 15 cm.