Effect of Ecological Climate on Jujube Fruit ripening period

Effect of Ecological Climate on Jujube Fruit ripening period

The fund project is the Science and Technology Research Surface Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous region Meteorological Bureau (MS201521).

Alar City is located in the upper reaches of the Tarim River, with 10 large state-owned land reclamation farms along both sides of the Tarim River and Tuokayi Township, Aksu City, Xinjiang, with a total area of 4196 km2. The forest fruit is rich in light energy resources, and the heat condition of forest fruit is good in the growing season. It is an important forest and fruit industrial base of the first Agricultural Division of Xinjiang production and Construction Corps, and the planting of characteristic forest fruit red jujube is the main industry of the local economy. The cultivation of jujube in Alar has a long history and there are many varieties, but the abnormal climate during the ripening period and the frequent occurrence of extreme weather lead to serious damage to the jujube tree, weak growth and susceptibility to disease, which affect the quality and yield of jujube. Therefore, finding out the high yield index of jujube is of great significance to the scientific management of characteristic forest and fruit production.

1 effect of temperature on fruit ripening period of jujube.

Jujube fruit coloring began at the end of August and entered the mature and edible period in early September. The mature period of jujube fruit was about 40 days from early September to early October, and the mature period was mid-late October. Temperature has an important effect on jujube fruit ripening, and the ripening time is related to the daily average temperature. When the 5-day sliding average temperature was 16-19 ℃, the jujube fruit normally entered the ripening stage, and when the temperature was between 20-21 ℃, the ripening process of jujube fruit accelerated, and the higher the temperature, the earlier the jujube fruit matured. If the average temperature is less than 15 ℃, the ripening period of jujube fruit will be prolonged, which will seriously affect the yield, which is not conducive to jujube fruit ripening, and the number of peeled jujube will increase.

2 effect of humidity on fruit ripening period of jujube.

The relative humidity of the air during the ripening period determines the fruit quality. The mature period needs more suitable air humidity, when the air humidity is 50%-60%, it is conducive to jujube fruit ripening, good fruit phase and high quality. Drought is easy to occur from early September to early October. When the weather is dry and the relative humidity is continuously below 46%, it will seriously affect the normal growth, coloring and ripening of jujube fruit, resulting in malnutrition and fruit shrinkage, which is not conducive to the continued growth and coloring of jujube fruit, resulting in a large number of fruit drop and affecting the yield of jujube. In this period, when the air humidity is more than 63%, the excessive humidity in the jujube orchard is easy to cause the breeding and spread of jujube fruit disease, which will affect the fruit quality, seriously affect the yield of red jujube, the disease is serious, and the fruit is unpurchased.

3 effect of light conditions on fruit ripening period of jujube.

Jujube trees like strong light and have higher requirements for light conditions. The sunshine hours and light intensity during the ripening period of jujube fruit have a direct effect on the photosynthesis and sugar accumulation of jujube tree. Under the condition of continuous few days, the jujube fruit in high density jujube orchard and shade will be malnourished, the fruit will become smaller, and the fruit quality will become worse. It is required that the sunshine hours in September should be more than 259.7 hours. When the sunshine hours in ten days are less than 82 hours, the sugar content of jujube fruit will decrease obviously. The planting density of jujube orchard is 600trees / hm2. The methods of "supporting, thinning, pulling, topping and shearing" of branches can be used to improve the light conditions of jujube orchard, improve the utilization rate of light energy, ensure the photosynthesis of jujube trees, and promote the normal growth and development of jujube fruit.

4 effect of precipitation conditions on fruit ripening period of jujube.

Suitable humidity is required for jujube fruit ripening period, and precipitation is required to be no less than 2.0 mm during jujube fruit ripening period. However, when the duration of precipitation is too long, there will be fruit cracking, fruit drop, blackhead, rotten fruit and other phenomena, resulting in jujube fruit can not grow and mature normally, seriously affecting the yield and quality.

Effect of dew on fruit ripening period of jujube

There is a large temperature difference between day and night from September to October, there is a large amount of dew and frost staying on the jujube during the day, 121400 and 1300 can not evaporate, and at night dew and frost continue to form, day after day, repeated cycles, leading to the breeding, reproduction and spread of a large number of bacteria, which is another important factor that the blackhead disease of red jujube is more serious in 2013.

6 effect of hail weather conditions on fruit ripening period of jujube

There is more drought and less rain in early autumn in Alar City, but in recent years, the weather is abnormal and there is more local hail weather. Due to the weak resistance of jujube fruit to hail in the mature period, hail directly smashes or knocks down the jujube fruit to the ground. When serious, the smashing rate is as high as 80%. The trees are all damaged fruit and diseased fruit, losing economic value [4-5]. Around 21:30 on September 25, 2016, heavy rainfall and hail occurred on some local farms in Alar City. The first group was the worst hit, with hail lasting more than 10 min, with a diameter of 3.8 cm, with a disaster area of 1 266.0 hm2 of red dates, with a direct economic loss of 10 977000 yuan. The disaster area of seven groups of red dates was 133.0 hm2, with a direct economic loss of 3.2 million yuan.

7 conclusion

The results show that October is the fruit ripening period of jujube, the average temperature in September is more than 18.0℃, the precipitation is less than 3.0mm, the sunshine hours are more than 82.0h, the average temperature in October is above 11.0℃, the precipitation is below 1.0mm, and the sunshine hours are more than 82.0h, which is the climatic and environmental index of high quality ecological forestry of jujube. According to comprehensive analysis, meteorological disasters such as continuous rain, low temperature, hail, low sunshine, hail and dew have a great influence on the normal growth and development of jujube fruit during ripening period. Scientific management should be strengthened to artificially create microclimatic conditions suitable for jujube fruit growth to improve the effect of disease prevention.