High-yield cultivation techniques of asparagus in Puyang County

High-yield cultivation techniques of asparagus in Puyang County

Asparagus is the tender bud of asparagus, a perennial plant of asparagus. Its tender stem is for edible. It has fresh texture, rich nutrition, delicious flavor, tender and delicious. In recent years, Puyang County has introduced more than 200 hm2 of asparagus and passed the green food certification of China Green Food Development Center. Asparagus can be planted for many years, the output value can reach 105000 ~ 120,000 yuan / hm2, and the economic benefit is remarkable. The high-yield cultivation techniques of asparagus are summarized as follows for reference.

1 Variety selection and seed treatment

The varieties with strong plant resistance, early emergence of tender stems, large number, fat, uniform thickness, blunt top and tight scales were selected, such as Apollo, Giant New Jersey and other new varieties.

First, rinse the seeds with clean water, rinse away the blighted seeds and moth-eaten seeds, then soak the seeds with 30% carbendazim 300 times solution for 12 h, soak the seeds with 30% 35 ℃ warm water for 48 h, change the water 1 / 2 times a day, then wrap them with a clean wet cloth, accelerate germination in the environment of 25-28 ℃, rinse with clean water twice a day, and sow seeds when there are about 20% of the seeds exposed.

2 sowing and raising seedlings

The sandy loam with good drainage and air permeability was selected in the seedling land. The depth of the seedling bed was about 25 cm, the high quality mature base fertilizer was 75 t/hm2, mixed with the soil, and leveled to make the border. The width of the border was 1.2 ~ 1.5 m, and the length was 10 ~ 15 m.

The suitable sowing time of asparagus is mid-early April. The amount of seed used in the field was 1 125 g/hm2, and the land for raising seedlings was 450 m2/hm2. Before sowing, pour sufficient bottom water, line according to the row spacing of 10 cm × 10 cm, sow the budding seeds in the center of the square, and then use fine sieve to cover the soil evenly on the border surface, 2 cm thick. Aphids can be sprayed with 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 300 g/hm2 with water 600 kg/hm2 at seedling stage. Get rid of weeds in time after the seedlings come out. Appropriate topdressing of some available fertilizers at the seedling stage can be sprinkled with 45% compound fertilizer (15-15-15) or urea 50 g/m2, and then watered.

(3) soil preparation and fertilization

Before planting, the land was ploughed and leveled, and the planting ditch was opened according to 1.5m row spacing. The planting ditch was 40 cm wide and 40 cm deep. The planting ditch was mixed with soybean 1500 kg/hm2, chicken manure 7 500 kg/hm2 and ternary compound fertilizer 375 kg/hm2, and then mixed with soil as base fertilizer.

4 colonization

The seedlings were graded before planting and planted separately according to the size of the seedlings. The standard of colonized seedling was 30 cm, with more than 3 aboveground stems and more than 7 underground stored roots. During planting, one end of the scaly bud on the underground stem of the seedling was arranged along the direction of the trench, so that the position of the tender stem was concentrated in the center of the border, which was beneficial to the cultivation of soil, and the stored root of the seedling was evenly expanded, the cover soil was slightly pressed, and the root was closely connected with the soil, and then covered with loose soil for 5 cm after watering. After planting, the young stem was covered with soil every 15 days, each time with a thickness of 33.5 cm, until the underground stem was buried under the border surface for about 15 cm. The planting density is generally 140-150 cm between rows and 35-40 cm between plants.

5. Field management

5.1 fertilization

In the first year after asparagus planting, the fertilization method is to apply three times of fertilizer on the basis of sufficient base fertilizer, that is, sprouting fertilizer, strengthening fertilizer and autumn fertilizer. Specific methods: applying sprouting fertilizer before soil cultivation in spring, applying urea 150 kg/hm2; after bamboo shoot harvesting combined with ditch watering, compound fertilizer 150 kg/hm2;8 mid-month autumn fertilizer, compound fertilizer 375 kg/hm2. From the second year, the focus of fertilization is in spring, followed by autumn. Digging ditches and fertilizing in the center of the planting line before the young stem is born every spring, applying quick-acting fertilizer with water for 2 or 3 times, 60% in spring and 40% in summer and autumn. Asparagus is very sensitive to soil acidity, so it is not suitable to use acid fertilizer. Lime should be applied appropriately in calcium deficient soil.

5.2 Irrigation and drainage

During the period of picking tender bamboo shoots, it is necessary to keep enough moisture in the soil to promote the sturdiness of tender stems, and generally should be watered once or twice according to the situation. The vigorous development of aboveground stems and branches of asparagus, that is, from late July to late August, is the high temperature season in summer and autumn, with strong transpiration and high water consumption, so it should be irrigated in time, generally once every 10 days to promote luxuriant plants and ensure a bumper harvest in the following year. In rainy season, it is necessary to prevent stagnant water in the soil, otherwise the soil lacks air and affects root growth [3].

(6) Disease and pest control

6.1 Major diseases

The main diseases of asparagus are stem blight and brown spot. Prevention and control methods: first, clear the garden. Before planting, the garden was cleared thoroughly, the remains of diseased plants were burned, and the source of primary infection bacteria was reduced. The second is to carry out formula fertilization, apply more organic fertilizer, increase potassium fertilizer, pay attention to mid-ploughing and weeding, drought and drainage. The third is chemical prevention and control. The affected plots were sprayed with 50% carbendazim 400-fold solution.

6.2 Major insect pests

The main pests of asparagus are small tigers, mole crickets, grubs, golden needles, species flies and so on. Prevention and control methods: one is to strictly prohibit the application of undermature organic fertilizer; the second is to trap and kill with black light or sugar and vinegar solution during adult activities in early spring; and the third is to spray 2.5% cypermethrin 20 g/hm2 with water 50 kg/hm2.

7 harvesting and transportation sales

Cut the tender stem with a height of 21mm 24 cm to the ground every morning. Bamboo shoots are harvested once in the morning and evening every day, regardless of whether the tender stems are good or bad, otherwise the tender stems will continue to grow and consume nutrients. Grading, sorting and selling immediately after harvest. Asparagus tender stems are easy to lose water and deteriorate after harvest, so they should be boxed and refrigerated in time. The suitable storage conditions in cold storage are temperature 0: 2 ℃ and relative humidity 90%-95%. Truck can be used for short distance transportation of asparagus for 2 to 3 hours, and refrigerated truck should be used for long distance transportation, especially in high temperature season, the temperature of 1 day should be controlled between 0 ℃ and 2 ℃, so as to ensure the freshness and tenderness of asparagus and not reduce its quality. Asparagus on the market should be sold in time to avoid decay and deterioration.