Development status and Countermeasures of Valeriana officinalis in Enshi Prefecture

Development status and Countermeasures of Valeriana officinalis in Enshi Prefecture

The active ingredient of Valeriana officinalis has a sedative effect and has a good effect on the treatment of depression. it is an important raw material for the production of sleeping pills, sedative and tonifying drugs, and its essential oil can also be used as cigarette fragrance and cosmetic additives. there is a huge market demand in tobacco, food and beverage, medical and health, cosmetics and other industries. Enshi Prefecture is rich in wild Valeriana officinalis resources, which is mainly distributed on the sunny slope above 1 400 m above sea level. It likes to grow in cool, humid and less human and animal activities, and the deep, loose and fertile sandy loam is the best. It is one of the genuine medicinal materials in Enshi Prefecture. Based on the investigation of the development of Valeriana officinalis in Enshi Prefecture, this paper analyzes the present situation and existing problems of Valeriana officinalis in Enshi Prefecture, and puts forward the development countermeasures of Valeriana officinalis in Enshi Prefecture.

1 Development

1.1 Base situation

Valeriana officinalis is a perennial herb, which mainly comes from wild resources. Enshi, Jianshi, Badang, Hefeng, Xuanen and Xianfeng are sporadically distributed above 1 400 m above sea level in the counties (cities) under the jurisdiction of Enshi Prefecture. It was found that the concentrated wild valerian resources were about 333.33 hm2 in the alpine belt of Lvqingpo Town, Yesanguan Town and Gaoping Town of Jianshi County, Badong County, but the scale was less than 13.33 hm2 if concentrated. The bases of wild family transfer are mainly concentrated in Fanjiaping Village, Lvqiangpo Town, Yesanguan Town, Yesanguan Town, and Guandian Town, Jianshi County, Badong County, with a scale of about 20 hm2, of which the larger one is Fanjiaping Village, Lvqingpo Town, which is about 13.33 hm2.

1.2 Enterprise situation

The enterprises engaged in the development of Valeriana officinalis in Enshi Prefecture only stay in the planting stage. An enterprise in Lvqiangpo Town, Badong County has planted on a large scale. In March 2017, the enterprise developed a wide-leaf valerian wild transplanting base in Fan Jiaping Village, neighborhood Committee, Yehuaping Village, Lvqingpo Town, Badong County, and invested 700000 yuan in Gaoping Town, Jianshi County to purchase a set of equipment for extracting broad-leaf valerian essential oil for primary processing. In addition, there are also some professional cooperatives in Enshi prefecture that are engaged in the acquisition of dried goods from the roots of Valeriana officinalis, which are sold as raw materials to Jinda Group in Badong County, Enshi Prefecture, and to large and medium-sized cities outside the state, such as Wuhan, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Guangzhou, etc., and the refined primary essential oils are also sold out of the state.

1.3 Science and technology support

Enshi Prefecture engaged in the administrative management of medicinal materials is the Enshi Prefecture Pharmaceutical industrialization leading Group Office; the only professional institutions engaged in broad-leaf valerian seed and seedling research are the Institute of traditional Chinese Medicine of Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Badong County Jinda Group, and it is in the initial stage; there is no institution engaged in essential oil extraction research. The wide-leaf valerian seedlings transferred from wild to home in the base are mainly transferred by farmers or enterprises at a cost of 90 yuan / d to the field, and the transplanting density is 30 000 ~ 120 000 plants / hm2.

1.4 benefit situation

According to the investigation, the rhizome maturation period of tiller propagation of wild species was 1-2 years, and that of seed reproduction was 3 years. For farmers, the average yield of Valeriana officinalis is 15.0 to 22.5 t/hm2, and dry goods is 3000 to 4,500 kg/hm2. At present, the market price of dry goods is about 25 yuan / kg, and the output value is 75000-11.25 million yuan / hm2;. For enterprises, the market price of valerian essential oil is 3000-5000 yuan / kg, and the average yield of essential oil is 150,000,225 kg/hm2 (the extraction rate of fresh essential oil is about 1%, dry goods is about 5%), and the output value is 450000-600,000 yuan / hm2. The annual cost of applying organic fertilizer and spraying pesticides in the base is 9,000 yuan / hm2, the cost of artificial transplant is 7500 yuan / hm2, and the cost of artificial harvest is 75000012000 yuan / hm2. Valerian enterprises in Lvqiangpo Town, Badong County adopt the method of "company + base + farmers" to provide fertilizers and pesticides and carry out field management. farmers hire workers to dig the roots and tillers of Valeriana in the field, and the enterprises promise to buy them at the price of 60,000 yuan / hm2.

1.5 Market conditions

At present, Europe and the United States are in the forefront in the development and utilization of Valeriana officinalis. Domestic Valerian essential oil is mainly used as additives, and the market for health products has not yet been opened, but it is also speeding up the development and research of Valeriana products, especially in Guizhou and other places. there are special valerian research institutes, and many scientific research achievements have been made. As far as the resources and market of valerian essential oil are concerned, China is in the forefront of the world, and there is a huge market demand for tobacco, food and beverage and cosmetics. Enshi Prefecture is rich in wild valerian resources. Since 2002, experts and enterprises have come to Enshi Prefecture to investigate Valeriana resources, but there has been no further development in the past 10 years. In 2016, enterprises from Guangzhou, Sichuan, Guizhou, Wuhan, Shanghai, Zhejiang and other places successively snapped up raw materials in Lvqipo Town, Badong. There is great potential for the development and utilization of Valeriana in Enshi Prefecture.

2 the main problems

From the point of view of the resources, bases, enterprises, scientific and technological support and international and domestic market situation of Valeriana officinalis in Enshi Prefecture, the development of Valeriana industry in Enshi Prefecture has certain economic benefits, but there are also some problems, mainly as follows.

2.1 Resources are limited

At present, the broad-leaf valerian traded in the market is mainly wild resources, but the wild resources are very limited, driven by interests, there is a phenomenon of over-mining, resulting in serious destruction of wild resources and the danger of extinction. At the same time, excessive mining can easily lead to soil erosion, mountain damage and environmental pollution.

2.2 Research is limited

In order to carry out industrial development, we must take the road of scientific development and sustainable development, and carry out artificial large-scale planting. Long-term development can not be achieved from tillering and transplanting to field propagation, while the technology of artificial propagation by introducing seeds in the field is not mature. In 2001, in 2003, the relevant technical units of Hubei Province carried out the construction of valerian GAP experimental base and planting technology on the top of Enshi Mountain, but the research progress was slow. The mature period of wild valerian seeds is very inconsistent, and the particles are very small, blowing down with the wind, it is difficult to pick, at the same time, the germination rate of artificial reproduction is low, about 10%, and the germination cycle is also uncertain, generally 1-2 years. Moreover, there are no technical standards for sowing, nursery management, transplanting, field management, pest control and harvesting of artificially cultivated Valeriana officinalis. The low level of seed propagation technology has become an important bottleneck restricting the development of Valeriana industry in Enshi Prefecture.

2.3 Investment is limited

The related projects supporting the development of Valeriana officinalis are few, the policy support is small, and the financial investment is limited, so it is impossible to carry out resource census, scientific research and so on. In 2017, only Badong Today Group successfully applied for 300000 yuan in science and technology funding to the Provincial Department of Science and Technology to carry out research on seed and seedling breeding technology of Valeriana officinalis.

3 Development countermeasures

Through the investigation, Enshi Prefecture should carry out the pilot work in the development of wide-leaf valerian industrialization in accordance with the market-oriented means in suitable villages and towns with a certain foundation, so as to lay the foundation for the development of wide-leaf valerian industrialization in Enshi Prefecture.

3.1 strengthen the protection of wild resources

Through a comprehensive survey of the distribution, mining, variety and utilization of wild Valeriana resources in the whole state, and according to the situation of wild resources, the measures of resource protection and rational utilization were formulated. Collect the wild resource varieties of Valeriana officinalis in the whole state, establish the wild resource nursery of each variety, and carry out the research and protection of wild resources of Valeriana officinalis.

3.2 strengthen the research on breeding technology

Use Hubei Institute for nationalities, Enshi Prefecture Pharmaceutical industrialization leading Group Office, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences and other platforms to actively apply for national projects, speed up the research on the breeding technology of Valeriana officinalis, carry out the construction of GAP experimental and demonstration base, establish seed and seedling cultivation base, obtain technical achievements and vigorously popularize and apply [Jishan Huayao]. A pilot demonstration was carried out in Fanjiaping Village, Yesanguan Town, Fanjiaping Village, Yesanguan Town, and Gaoping Town, Jianshi County. Field experiments on rhizome tillering techniques, soil treatment, pest control, nursery breeding, transplanting and rhizome harvesting were carried out to reduce the cost of asexual reproduction of wild-transferred species. Improve the survival rate and reproduction coefficient of Valeriana officinalis.

Make full use of the resource advantage of Valeriana officinalis in Enshi Prefecture, actively communicate with the Provincial Department of Agriculture and the Provincial Department of Science and Technology, and strengthen efforts in the development of characteristic industries in modern agriculture. Experiments on seed collection and storage, sowing pretreatment, cultivation management, field management and pest control were carried out, and technical achievements were obtained and vigorously popularized and applied. Relying on the broad-leaf valerian technology research project of Badong Jinda Group and the wide-leaf valerian planting technology project of the Institute of traditional Chinese Medicine of Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Huazhong Medicinal Botanical Garden, we should carry out the research on the sexual reproduction technology of Valeriana officinalis, strive to shorten the seed reproduction cycle, improve the germination rate, establish tissue culture and rapid propagation system, and form the technical standard of sexual reproduction and planting of Valeriana officinalis.

3.3 cultivate leading enterprises with driving ability

Strengthen the work of attracting investment and investment in the development of Valeriana officinalis, introduce pharmaceutical production enterprises to carry out industrial cooperation with the broad-leaf valerian planting cooperative in Enshi Prefecture, establish a production base and extract workshop, and with the help of its capital, technology and market power, determine a stable production, processing and sales relationship, and promote the development of broad-leaf valerian industry in Enshi Prefecture.

3.4 understand the domestic and foreign market situation

Actively understand the international and domestic market situation of broad-leaf valerian raw materials and essential oil, absorb the successful experience of seed and seedling tissue culture, scientific research and development at home and abroad, formulate a scientific development plan, and consider resource regeneration while making rational use of wild resources. open up a huge market.