Application of Lignification Jujube hanging production Technology to improve Jujube yield and benefit

Application of Lignification Jujube hanging production Technology to improve Jujube yield and benefit

Chaoyang County is a key jujube producing area in Liaoning Province. Jujube cultivation has a long history and rich experience. Now it covers an area of about 330000 mu and produces 80 million kg of fresh jujube, which has become the leading industry for jujube farmers to get rich. County undulating hills, canyons alternating, ravines vertical and horizontal, mountains, rivers, hills, hills, plains crisscross distribution. Jujube trees are mostly planted in hilly and mountainous areas and a few in the plain. Due to the poor production conditions and insufficient technical and financial investment, the yield of garden slices is generally low, the yield per mu is less than 500 kg, and the income per mu is more than 1 000 to 2 000 yuan. In recent years, the price of jujube has declined. In 2017, the purchase price of Pingding jujube was only about 0.4 yuan per kilogram during the harvest season, and more than 50 kilograms of jujube was picked a day, which was less than the labor cost, which seriously dampened the enthusiasm of jujube farming.

In the face of the current production situation of jujube industry, as a member of the science and technology mission in Liaoning Province, the author is very anxious and has been working hard to sum up the local experience of efficient cultivation of jujube as soon as possible. Two tasks were done in 2017: one is to test the production technology of lignified jujube crane, and the other is to sum up the local production experience.

1 the significance of cultivating lignified jujube hanging

Jujube hanging is the fruit branch of jujube, the length is generally 10-25 cm, the branch is thin, and it falls off automatically in winter, so it is called falling branch. There are 4 jujube branches, which are smaller, but the number of the whole tree is larger. Each jujube strand (fruiting mother branch) can produce 2-7 jujube hangers. Jujube strands grow up year by year and become a big prominence. Its age is perennial, and the higher the jujube stock is, more than 8 years, but the older the jujube stock is, the older the jujube stock is, the weaker the jujube hanging is, the less the jujube hanging is. The early flowering of jujube is in the period of high temperature, and there is often the phenomenon of scorched flowers. The fruit set is less, because the branch is short, the potential is weak, the jujube is smaller. The lignified jujube hanging is quite different from the ordinary jujube hanging. First of all, the Lignified jujube hanging branch is thick and long, which is 3-4 times that of the ordinary jujube hanging. Secondly, the lignified jujube does not fall in winter and stays firmly on the jujube stock. The significance of cultivating lignified jujube hangers is:

1.1 increase production

The average fruit per branch of ordinary jujube hanging is about 2, while the lignified jujube hanging can hold 710 fruits, up to 19, and the yield per branch can reach 1 kg. The author randomly investigated 7 representative trees in the garden, with an average of 108 lignified jujube hangers per tree, and the average fruit yield per plant was 20.3kg. According to 55 trees planted per mu, the yield per mu was 1 115.7 kg. Calculated according to the local Lingdang jujube price of 10 yuan / kg, the output value per mu is 11 157.1 yuan. It is almost 3-5 times that of the local ordinary jujube garden (figure 1).

Fig. 1 Lignified jujube hanging shape (Lingzao, September 13, 2017)

1.2 can avoid spring drought and prevent the occurrence of scorched flowers

The lignified jujube hanging is about one month later than the ordinary jujube hanging, and the first flowering period is extended to the middle of June, when there is more rain and suitable temperature, and the jujube is fruited at 10-30 nodes, which is beneficial to fruit setting.

1.3 Anti-cracking fruit

Before ripening, if it rains too much, it will cause fruit cracking and decay, but due to the Lignification jujube hanging on the jujube fruit is not yet ripe, you can avoid fruit cracking before ripening.

1.4 Fruit storage tolerance

Because the lignified jujube fruit matures late and accumulates more nutrients, it can be stored for 20 days and 30 days longer than the common jujube, and the jujube storage benefit is obviously improved.

1.5 dwarf trees to facilitate field management

Through the heavy cutting of the tree, leaving a height of about 1 meter, coupled with the height of the lignified jujube hanging, the total height of the tree is only 1.5 to 2.2 meters. When harvesting, people can reach it by standing on the ground, which improves labor efficiency and is more conducive to tourism and picking.

1.6 save nutrients and leave few branches

Heavy cutting in spring stimulates the germination of a certain number of jujube heads (fruiting branches). After timely and moderate picking of the heart, the lignified jujube can be sent out. Because of sufficient nutrients, it is beneficial to the fruit of strong branches. Give full play to the advantages of vegetative growth, high-quality fruit, large, can achieve dense planting, high yield and efficient cultivation.

2 the technology of cultivating lignified jujube crane

2.1 selection of test sites and test materials

The author chooses two pilot projects in [Jishan Huayao]: the former is 10 years old and the variety is Pingding jujube. The latter is 4-10 years old, and the variety is also Pingding jujube. There were few primary materials, 12 for the former and 17 for the latter. The site condition is hilly and mountainous area, the management level is general, but all have irrigation condition.

2.2 the technology of cultivating lignified jujube crane

2.2.1 re-pruning of backbone branches for jujube trees, because they germinate late in early spring, it is generally put off until after the Qingming Festival to begin pruning. The author helped professional households to prune the experimental tree on April 27, 2017. The main shearing method is to retract the perennial backbone branches, which is 1.2-1.5 meters above the ground. For the jujube head, it generally leaves the base 2-3 heavy-cut. There are generally no secondary branches on the backbone branches in order to produce more jujube heads (figure 2).

Fig. 2 re-cutting of backbone branches

2.2.2 inducing jujube head to control the number of jujube head. Jujube head (that is, empty long branch) has a very strong growth advantage, and it is the basic part of growing lignified jujube hanging. Due to the imbalance between the aboveground part and the root system after re-cutting, jujube heads are sent out from the front of hidden buds, adventitious buds or shrunken buds. The number of dates left on a tree depends on the age and crown size of the tree. If you stay too much, the crown will be dense and the nutrients will be dispersed; if you leave less, it will not be conducive to high yield. generally, with age, you will keep one more each year. Jujube heads do not sprout all of a sudden, they sprout one after another, so it is necessary to remove too many jujube buds at any time.

The workload of getting rid of freshmen is quite large, and this work lasts from mid-May to mid-August, which can not be ignored.

2.2.3 the work of picking the heart of jujube head and secondary branch is very critical, if it is allowed to grow naturally, it will not induce lignified jujube hanging. When the jujube head grows to 7-8 nodes, the heart is picked to 4-5 nodes; at this time, around the middle of May, when the secondary branches grow 5-6 nodes, the heart of the secondary branches is about in the first ten days of June.

2.2.4 the lignified jujube hanging is drawn from the secondary branch node, and its growth is strong and drawn out in rows (figure 3).

Fig. 3 sprouting lignified jujube hanging on the secondary branch

2.2.5 Lignified jujube flowering and fruit setting management in the local area, the Lignified jujube flowering lasts from mid-June to early August. During flowering, 920 should be sprayed on the trees to increase the fruit setting rate. But the most important thing is to peel around the trunk or main branch in late June, which is the most effective way for many jujube varieties to improve fruit setting. In Yang Fuping Garden, the experimental trees were not girdled at the beginning, but when it was found that there were too few fruits, it was better to peel 4 trees in time (4). The author made a survey on August 30.

Fig. 4 good fruit setting after ring peeling (Sanxing jujube, August 15, 2017)

Under high-level management, timely ring cutting and lignified jujube hanging, the branch length can reach 77.3 cm, with an average of 11.9-13.4 per branch, up to 19 at most.

In terms of yield, there was almost no yield of non-ring-peeling trees. Yang Fuping Garden, 3 ring-peeling trees, the number of results were 300, 208 and 409 respectively, and the estimated yield was 3.5 kg, 2.5 kg and 5 kg, respectively. It fully shows the effect of ring cutting and ring peeling.

Because the hanging branch of Lignified jujube is long and stout, the quality of single fruit is larger. On September 10, the author investigated the single fruit quality of Wang Fengqiling jujube, and randomly selected 10 representative jujube fruits, which were 22.9, 23.7, 25.5, 26.0, 28.5, 31.3, 34.3, 34.8, 43.1 and 45.0 grams, respectively. The average weight of single fruit is 31.5 grams, which is about 10 grams more than that of ordinary orchards.

3 summary

In 2017, the production of woody jujube crane is only the first try, although the above achievements have been achieved, but there is not much experience, there are many field management is not in place. For example, the ring peeling to improve the fruit setting rate is not carried out in time and other fruit setting agents are not sprayed, so the yield of the experimental tree is not high, but it has been seen that the cultivation of lignified jujube hanging is the production direction of jujube trees in the future, so we should strengthen research and development to facilitate popularization and play a greater role in production.

Tree structure and shaping and pruning techniques of jujube