Planting and maintenance techniques of new seedlings of potted orchids

Cultivation and maintenance techniques of potted orchid seedlings

"Three-point planting, seven-point raising" is the experience of the ancients to raise orchids, maintenance is related to whether orchids flourish and bloom. Orchids originally grow in the mountains, the natural environment is suitable,"not because of no one and self-fragrance." When cultivated in flowerpots, the root development is limited, and the temperature, humidity, air and sunlight are different from the origin. If it is not carefully maintained according to its natural growth and development rules [2], it cannot achieve the purpose of viewing leaves and flowers. Therefore, the key to orchid conservation lies in mastering its growth and development rules.

New orchid seedlings can often be bought in the market. Generally, spring orchids and cymbidium transported from the south (mostly Henan, Anhui and Zhejiang) before and after rain have flower buds. Shanghai area is mostly transported from Shaoxing, the local habit of using local methods to promote flowers, that is, in January to make flower buds prominent, to meet the needs of the Spring Festival. Such orchids are difficult to bloom due to watering at the root when sold. Generally, the flower buds gradually wither and die after being potted. Orchids sold in Anhui, Beijing and other places are mostly dry roots, without urging flowers, if the pot is not legal, it is also easy to dry up and die. The reason why new orchid plants die is mostly due to the heavy soil and poor ventilation at the roots, which causes the roots to rot. If planted with sandy soil, the survival rate can be improved and flowers can be produced. Some people grow orchids in very dry pots, but they bloom as usual. The reason is that orchid roots are most afraid of water wet, once accumulated water is not ventilated, hindering root respiration and affecting growth. Under the condition of high air humidity, it is an important measure to keep the soil dry and ventilated properly.

1 Change basin

Orchids are generally combined with ramets for pot change, usually cultivated 2 to 3 years for pot change once. First pour the orchids out of the old pot. If the orchids are fixed on the edge of the pot and difficult to pour out, crush the pot and carefully remove the orchids. Remove the old roots (rotten roots), and if there are too many old false bulbs, cut them off. If you want to divide plants, look for a more spacious place between false bulbs, cut the plants open and become new plants. Then wash with water, cut the mouth coated with charcoal powder or sulfur powder disinfection, placed in the shade, slightly dry.

To prepare a new basin, block the holes in the basin bottom with tiles, spread broken tiles or slag ash, if possible, spread a layer of charcoal small pieces, pad them with coarse soil, then put in culture soil, shake the basin vigorously, so that the soil fills the pores, the soil surface does not expose broken tiles or slag, and make the soil in the center of the basin slightly higher than the basin surface. When the pot is placed, 3 to 5 pruned orchid seedlings are planted in the pot, and each plant makes the new buds outward and the old pseudobulbs inward to promote the growth of new buds. Lift the orchid leaves with one hand, place the orchid in the middle of the pot, so that the roots are evenly distributed, fill in the cultivation soil with the other hand, and shake the pot with the filling; when the roots are not found, gently lift the orchid seedlings, so that the orchid roots stretch out and come into close contact with the soil; after that, until the soil is filled, slightly higher than the pot surface, press along the edge of the pot with your hand, but do not weigh too much, so as not to squeeze the roots. Finally, the soil of the basin surface is slightly higher in the center and is steamed bread shaped.

The best time to change pots is after flowering or dormancy, generally after Qingming, before grain rain and after Mid-Autumn Festival, before heavy snow. When changing pots of epiphytic orchids, first trim the roots, cut them properly when necessary; then wrap them with cultivation materials (peat moss, fern roots, fallen leaves or sand, etc.) outside the roots, plant them in hollowed-out flower pots or wooden frames, squeeze them tightly, do not shake them, and pay attention not to damage the roots. After the basin, placed in a slightly shaded indoor place, slightly sprayed water, a few days later according to general orchid conservation management.

2 pruning

Keep pruning in orchid culture. Should be timely cut to yellow old leaves, in order to facilitate ventilation. The tips of some leaves should also be pruned off. In particular, leaves with pests must be removed in time to avoid infection. When cutting diseased leaves, used scissors should not be used to cut diseased leaves to prevent transmission of viruses. If the same pair of scissors is used, they must be disinfected.

After flower bud emerges, if flower bud is too much, should stay strong bud, remove thin flower bud, each orchid seedling leaves 1 flower bud. This is because too many flower buds will affect each other, not conducive to flowering, but also too much consumption of maternal nutrients and affect the flowering of the next year. When spring orchids bloom about 15 days, the flowers must be cut off; when the last flower on the inflorescence of cymbidium blooms 7 days, the inflorescence must be cut off. Precious varieties should not be pollinated and fruited, otherwise it will affect the flowering of the following year. If it is used as a cross breeding, it needs to be cultivated separately to make its fruit full and mature.

3 Pest control

Orchidaceae plant diseases and insect pests are many, mainly to prevent the main, to make orchids robust growth and sufficient resistance, should maintain environmental hygiene and proper ventilation. Orchid diseases are mainly caused by excessive watering or poor drainage, lack of ventilation or alien infection [3]. Rot disease caused by Pythium, generally harm seedlings, available copper sulfate or other sterilants spray control.

Black spots appeared on leaves of orchid infected with black spot, and then gradually expanded to cause leaves to wither black. The reason was excessive moisture and lack of ventilation. Therefore, it should be moved to a ventilated place and sprayed with sterilant for control. Bacterial soft rot mainly affects Catalan, but it can also harm Cymbidium. Orchid virus disease is very much, basically be mosaic disease and dieback disease. Common virus diseases are orchid leaf virus, blue square spot virus, blue ring pattern death virus, blue streak virus, butterfly orchid leaf virus, phoenix mosaic virus, catlan death virus and so on. In general, lime sulfur mixture, copper sulfate, bordeaux night, thiophanate methyl, diethonium, zinc and other disinfectants are used to prevent diseases. Once found orchid disease, should immediately remove the disease department, can prevent infection. In addition, used tools such as knives and scissors are disinfected.

The most common orchid pests are scale insects, and the most serious ones are shield scale, striped mealybug and orchid scale. Scale insects can be used DDT, 1605, 1059, dimethoate, dichlorvos and other pesticides sprayed control. Mites, spiders can also harm orchids, there are many types, common red spiders, mites, available acaricide, acaricide alcohol, 1605, malathion and other drugs for control. Thrips harm orchid leaves, sucking epidermal tissue, so that white spots appear on the leaves. Common for, can harm citrus and Tiannan family of some plants. DDT, Lindane, 1605 and BHC can be used to eliminate the disease. Aphids that harm crops and flowers can also harm orchids. Common aphids are peach aphids, lily aphids and cotton aphids, which can be controlled by terpu, 1605, malathion, lindane, hexachlorocyclohexane and livestock insects. In addition, there are ants, snails, etc., you can choose the appropriate pesticide spray control.