Simplified cultivation techniques of Shenfu 6 Apple

Simplified cultivation techniques of Shenfu 6 Apple

Yantai Modern Fruit Industry Development Co., Ltd. selected short branch and red double bud late ripening apple variety Shenfu 6 from Fuji series of bud mutation varieties, and has obtained the improved variety certificate through examination and approval (figure 1). This variety does not need to pull branches, do not carve buds, do not need ring peeling, easy to flower, simple management, so it is also known as "lazy rich". It has high germination rate, strong branching ability, not easy to premature senescence, excellent fruit quality, high yield and strong disease resistance, so it is a promising variety of Fuji series. By adopting simplified shaping and pruning technology and related measures, it is possible to plant trees in one year, blossom in the same year, bear fruit in two years, yield in three years, high yield in four years, and the yield per mu can reach 2560 kg (Fig. 2 ~ Fig. 4). The simplified cultivation techniques are introduced as follows.

Fig. 1 improved variety certificate of Shenfu No. 6 apple and its fruit

Fig. 2 one-year-old trees grow strong

Fig. 3 biennial trees bear strong fruit

Fig. 4 the fruit shape of the triennial tree

1 Seedling planting

1.1 planting method

The soil is barren and lack of water, which is suitable for Arbor cultivation, and the row spacing is (1.5 × 2) m × 4 m. The area with good soil, fertilizer and water conditions is suitable for dwarfing and dense planting, and the row spacing is (1.2-1.5) m × 4 m. According to the determined row spacing, dig the pit or ditch first, mix the bio-organic fertilizer (2kg / tree) with the soil outside the pit and fill it into the pit. After the seedlings are put into the planting ditch or pit, all the roots of the seedlings are extended, and then the soil is cultivated to the place where the seedlings are printed. Then pour water for 2 or 3 times to sink the seedlings, and then cover the tree plate with black plastic film to increase temperature and preserve soil moisture to improve the survival rate of planting.

1.2 fixed stem and middle stem to promote sprouting after planting

Immediately after planting, the height of the seedling is more than 1.5 meters, the height of the fixed stem is about 1.2 meters, and the height of the seedlings is 1.2 to 1.5 meters, the height of the fixed stem is about 1.0 meters. In principle, it is to cut off the part of the upper part that is not fully developed and the bud eye is not full, and cut off and dry at the full bud. Immediately after drying, apply hairpin on the buds that go down from the cut to 60 cm above the ground.

2 techniques of shaping, pruning and flower and fruit management

2.1 plastic surgery and pruning management in the first year

2.1.1 in spring management, the first bud under the dry cut was used as the central leader for dry culture. when the other shoots grew to 15cm to 20cm, the base angle was more than 95 °with two pointed toothpicks.

2.1.2 stroking branches to promote sprouting into flowers when the new shoots grow to more than 30 cm, they can be stroked manually and repeated at intervals of about 15 days, and the opening angle of the new shoots should reach 110 °. From the middle of June to the end of July, the new shoots of the same year were sprayed with 50 times of dendritin and 3 000 times of organosilicon to promote secondary shoots and form medium and short fruiting branches. Because it is easy to form flowers, flower buds are formed in the same year of planting.

2.2 plastic surgery, pruning and flower and fruit management in the second year

2.2.1 pruning in early spring in February and March, trees with a height of 2.5 meters will no longer be cut off from the extended branches of the central leadership. If the stem is less than 2.5 meters, the middle stem is cut to lengthen the branch to promote its growth. The extended branches of all branches are cleaned and pruned to maintain uniaxial extension.

2.2.2 in mid-March (around the Spring Equinox), the annual central leaders were smeared with branchins to promote germination. If the branch is not ideal in the previous year, it can also be reapplied at this time. When the new tip grows to 15-20 cm, use a toothpick to open the base angle above 95 °. From the middle of June to the last ten days of July, the new shoots of the same year were sprayed with dendritin to promote the medium and short fruiting branches.

2.2.3 appropriate retention of fruit in order to maintain growth, weak trees leave no fruit, strong branches with a length of more than 70 cm leave 2 to 4 fruits in the trunk of strong trees, and each branch can leave 3 to 4 drooping fruits, which can play the role of controlling the opening angle of falling branches. Each tree leaves 10 to 15 fruits [Yoshanhua Yao].

2.3 third year (and above) plastic surgery, pruning and flower and fruit management

2.3.1 the management of shaping and pruning is mainly to throw off the branchlets, and the big branches that are too dense and thick should be properly thinned. After fruit picking, the branches with leaves that affect the operation and the thickness of more than 2 cm should be cut off with leaves.

2.3.2 there has been a certain yield in the third year of flower and fruit management. For over-dense branches, competitive branches and low branches can leave more flowers and bear more fruit (thinning after fruit picking). The branches with room for development should leave less fruit, which should be carried out synchronously with the culture of flower buds. Flowers do not stay on the back, fruit shape is not correct, damaged fruit does not stay.

(3) strengthen the management of soil, fertilizer and water and the control of diseases and insect pests.

Because of early fruit and high yield, soil fertilizer and water management is very important. It is necessary to apply heavy organic fertilizer early and base fertilizer based on organic-inorganic biological fertilizer, trace element fertilizer and bacterial fertilizer in autumn to improve soil fertility and enhance tree potential. The water-soluble fertilizer with high nitrogen and phosphorus and rich in zinc, iron and other trace elements was applied before July, and the high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer was applied after July, combined with silicon, calcium, magnesium and other trace element fertilizers.

The prevention and control of diseases and insect pests should give priority to prevention and the combination of prevention and control. There are few diseases and insect pests in young trees, so we should use medicine in time according to the occurrence, strive to keep the leaves intact, and focus on the prevention and control of aphids and early deciduous diseases. Fruit trees must be well treated with dry branch medicine and pay attention to pre-anthesis and post-anthesis medicine. After flood season, disease prevention should be given priority to ensure high yield, high quality and high benefit.