What are the problems in Camellia oleifera cultivation?

What are the problems in Camellia oleifera cultivation?

1 present situation of planting Camellia oleifera

Camellia oleifera is a characteristic industry and traditional industry in China, which is known as "granary oil sea" in China. At present, the planting area of Camellia oleifera in China has reached 3.47 million hm ~ 2. Since 2010, the agricultural sector has continuously increased its investment in Camellia oleifera planting industry and actively summed up its planting experience. The current situation of Camellia oleifera cultivation in China is as follows.

1.1 Industrial consciousness is gradually formed

At present, China regards Camellia oleifera industry as the main pillar industry, sets up a leading group for the development of Camellia oleifera industry in time, formulates reasonable and effective opinions on the development of Camellia oleifera industry according to the current development situation, and makes an overall plan for the future development of Camellia oleifera industry, and brings the development of Camellia oleifera industry into the assessment scope of target management at the county level. At the same time, Camellia oleifera planting demonstration sites have been set up to actively promote the stable development of Camellia oleifera industry, and constantly increase project funds for Camellia oleifera industry to promote infrastructure construction in the form of national participation.

1.2 Industrial development is on a large scale

The establishment of Camellia oleifera planting cooperative, Camellia oleifera planting professional team and Camellia oleifera base promotes the large-scale development of Camellia oleifera industry. The new planting area of Camellia oleifera can reach 0.87 million hm ~ 2 every year, and the enthusiasm of growers is constantly improving. as a result, the construction of Camellia oleifera base shows a large-scale development trend.

2 the main problems in the cultivation of Camellia oleifera

2.1 the breeding system is not perfect

Although the planting area of Camellia oleifera has increased year by year in recent years, and the construction of Camellia oleifera planting base has been continuously promoted, there is a lack of scientific identification of excellent varieties, some farmers do not pay enough attention to the prevention and control of Camellia oleifera diseases and insect pests, and the cultivation system of Camellia oleifera is not sound. as a result, the renewal rate of excellent seedlings becomes slower, which can not meet the basic requirements of the modernization development of Camellia oleifera industry, which finally leads to the decline of Camellia oleifera production capacity and output. It directly affects the development of agriculture.

2.2 single mode of management

In the traditional planting management of Camellia oleifera, fixed planting technology is mainly adopted. under the condition that science and technology has not been popularized, the development of Camellia oleifera industry is slow. Nowadays, our society has entered a period of rapid development, and various technologies have been optimized. therefore, the planting of Camellia oleifera should keep up with the development of the times. However, there are still some problems in practical work, such as backward planting technology and low consciousness of cultivating improved varieties, which is mainly manifested as planting at the sight of seedlings, resulting in the lack of good varieties, which directly affects the yield of Camellia oleifera.

2.3 shortage of funds

Due to the lack of funds, it has affected the smooth progress of Camellia oleifera base management, so some farmers only pay attention to Camellia oleifera planting area, do not pay attention to the problems of diseases and insect pests in the growth process of Camellia oleifera. Thus it has a negative impact on the planting efficiency of Camellia oleifera [Jishan Huayao].

3 effective strategies to solve the planting problem of Camellia oleifera.

3.1 actively build Camellia oleifera demonstration base

In order to fundamentally improve the current situation of Camellia oleifera cultivation, it is necessary to gather the efforts of local governments, county leaders and people to build a number of high-yield demonstration bases of Camellia oleifera, and actively adopt advanced technology and management means to promote the healthy growth of Camellia oleifera. And promote the rapid renewal of fine varieties. At the same time, we should strengthen the guidance of planting technology and actively use theory to promote practice. Take Camellia oleifera demonstration base as the display platform of Camellia oleifera planting technology, organize farmers to learn advanced Camellia oleifera planting techniques and pest prevention and control measures, and constantly update the knowledge structure of growers, in order to effectively promote the professional skills of growers.

3.2 Comprehensive mastery of breeding and planting techniques

3.2.1 seed selection and budding. Select the seeds from the larger fruits and remove the small seeds. Then, the selected seeds will be dried and disinfected to avoid sun exposure, and the seeds should be placed in a ventilated and cool place. After that, the sterilized seeds are stored in moist fine sand and covered with a thin film to accelerate germination. If the number of grafting is large, budding can be carried out in batches.

3.2.2 scion collection and storage. Choose sturdy branches with full leaf buds without diseases and insect pests and insert them into a sand bed or cellar in the shade to maintain appropriate humidity.

3.2.3 selection of nursery. Take the land with sufficient sunshine and convenient drainage and irrigation as the nursery, and the nursery needs to apply organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer to ensure that the soil is loose and nutritious. After that, the width of the seedbed should be controlled at 120 cm. In addition, a shade shed should be built, and the height of the shed should be controlled at about 180 cm.

3.2.4 grafting treatment. First, cut at 2.0cm above the cotyledons to remove the growing point, then cut the rootstock in half longitudinally at the cut, then hold the scion upside down between the thumb and middle finger of the left hand, one side close to the tip of the index finger, and begin to cut obliquely at 0.2cm from the base of the bud, the slope is 30 °, and the cutting surface is 1.2cm long. Then, turn the scion symmetrically and obliquely with the first knife to make the scion into a thin wedge. Finally, cut an oblique knife 0.3 m above the tooth tip, cut off the scion, and cut the seedling rootstock, then it can be embedded in the scion.

3.2.5 Water and fertilizer management. In the process of Camellia oleifera growth, we should pay close attention to the soil moisture content, especially in the dry season, we should check the soil moisture regularly to ensure that the soil moisture is sufficient and water can be watered thoroughly. In order to promote the healthy growth of Camellia oleifera, it is necessary to distinguish seedlings from adult plants and control the frequency of fertilization in autumn. The best fertilization time is 9 kg / 10 months each year, and 2000 kg of farm manure, 300 kg of organic fertilizer and 52 kg of phosphate fertilizer can be applied in 667m2.

3.2.6 pest control. In the process of pest control, we should actively establish the prevention and control idea of "prevention first and comprehensive management". At present, the main diseases and insect pests that harm the growth of Camellia oleifera are Camellia oleifera soft rot, Camellia oleifera white silk disease, tea longicorn beetle and so on. For the prevention and control of Camellia oleifera soft rot, the Camellia oleifera forest with excessive density can be pruned in time to ensure good ventilation and light transmission; set the nursery in a place with good drainage, and spray 1 ∶ 1 ∶ 120 Bordeaux solution or 50% Bacterin wettable powder diluted into 300 ∶ 600 times of water to prevent the spread of the disease. For Camellia oleifera white silk disease, 1% copper sulfate solution can be used to irrigate the seedling root, which can effectively avoid the expansion of the disease and achieve good control effect. For Camellia oleifera coal pollution disease, it is necessary to strengthen the tending and management of Camellia oleifera forest, make the forest ventilated and transparent, and timely cut off and burn the branches and leaves of the disease in the early stage of the disease, so as to avoid the spread of the disease. For tea longicorn beetles, the trunk and root neck should be coated with white coating before the emergence of adults to prevent spawning; artificial capture should be carried out during the occurrence of adults; appropriate amount of imidacloprid should be injected into the cadres of insect-infested trees in time, and the hole should be sealed with clay for effective control.

3.3 increase capital investment

Local governments should increase capital investment in Camellia oleifera industry and introduce relevant preferential policies to attract enterprises or individuals to invest and broaden the sources of funds. At the same time, we should ensure that the investment funds are put into practice, such as introducing advanced technology and recruiting professionals, so as to provide basic support for the production of Camellia oleifera.